Merge develop branch into main (#1)

* refactor: functional

* refactor: ♻️ move alsa_hw_mapping to config param

---------

Co-authored-by: Nick Pourazima <nick.pourazima@gmail.com>

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-*.wav
+*.code*
-*.mp3

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# Rotary Phone Audio Guestbook
+
+This project transforms a rotary phone into a voice recorder for use at special events (i.e. wedding audio guestbook, etc.).
+
+- [Rotary Phone Audio Guestbook](#rotary-phone-audio-guestbook)
+  - [Background](#background)
+  - [Post-Event](#post-event)
+    - [Future Potential](#future-potential)
+  - [Materials](#materials)
+  - [Setup](#setup)
+    - [Hardware](#hardware)
+      - [Wiring](#wiring)
+      - [Microphone Replacement (Optional)](#microphone-replacement-optional)
+    - [Software](#software)
+      - [Dev Environment](#dev-environment)
+      - [Dependencies](#dependencies)
+      - [AudioInterface Class](#audiointerface-class)
+      - [rotaryGuestBook.service](#rotaryguestbookservice)
+      - [Operation Mode 1: rotaryGuestBook](#operation-mode-1-rotaryguestbook)
+      - [Operation Mode 2: rotaryGuestBookwithRotaryDialer](#operation-mode-2-rotaryguestbookwithrotarydialer)
+
+## Background
+
+I was inspired by my own upcoming wedding to put together a DIY solution for an audio guestbook using a rotary phone. Most online rentals were charging $600 for an experience that didn't even offer the ability to add a custom voice mail and took about 4-6 weeks of turn around time to process the audio after the event. I tried to use as many parts that I had laying around to keep costs down. It worked out quite well and we were able to gather some very special voice messages.
+
+Below you will find a parts list and detailed setup guide. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions.
+
+## Post-Event
+
+Since this was a trial by fire type of scenario there ended up being a few gotchas at the real event which I've since accounted for. Namely setting a time limit on the recording length as we had some youngsters leaving 5+ minute messages repeatedly and this ended up draining the battery.
+
+### Future Potential
+
+A few weeks before the wedding I had the code registering dialed numbers from the rotary encoder with the goal of playing back special messages for certain guests who dialed a certain combination (i.e. dial an area code to hear a special message to my old roomates). The details of this operation mode are described in Mode 2 below. In order to activate this mode I had to wait for input when the phone was off the hook. This required an extra step of dialing zero before leaving a normal voice message. In the end we decided to keep it simple and I've thus migrated this code to the dev branch along with the code to run through post-porcessing the audio in a separate process.
+If any one is interested in expanding this please feel free.
+
+## Materials
+
+| Part|Notes|Quantity|Cost|
+| - | - | - | - |
+| [rotary phone](https://www.ebay.com/b/Rotary-Dial-Telephone/38038/bn_55192308) | Estate/garage/yard sales are probably the best places to find once of these. Ideally one with a phone jack since we will be using these four wires extensively. | 1 | $0.00-$60.00 |
+| [raspberry pi zero](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-zero/) | I didn't realize how hard these are to find these days. You can use any rpi or arduino style single-board computer but be aware of size constraints (i.e. must fit inside the rotary phone enclosure) | 1 | $9.99 |
+| [raspberry pi zero case](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3252) | Optional: added for protection. One of the cases on Amazon has a heat-sink cutout which might be nice for better heat dissapation since it will all be enclosed in the end. | 1 | $4.95 |
+| [micro SD card](https://a.co/d/1gb2zhC) | Any high capacity/throughput micro SD card that is rpi compatible | 1 | $8.99 |
+| [USB Audio Adapter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1475) | Note: I removed the external plastic shell and directly soldered the wires instead of using the female 3.5mm receptacle. | 1 | $4.95 |
+| [USB OTG Host Cable - MicroB OTG male to A female](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1099) | | 1 | $2.50 |
+| --- | **--- If running off a battery ---** | --- | --- |
+| [LiPo Battery](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2011)| Optional: maximize capacity based on what will fit within your rotary enclosure. |1| $12.50 |
+| [LiPo Shim](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3196)| Optional: if you plan to run this off a LiPo I would recommend something like this to interface with the rpi zero. |1| $9.95 |
+| [LiPo Charger](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1904) | Optional: for re-charging the LiPo. |1| $6.95 |
+| --- | **--- If replacing the built-it microphone ---** | --- | --- |
+| [LavMic](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N6P80OQ?ref=nb_sb_ss_w_as-reorder-t1_ypp_rep_k3_1_9&amp=&crid=15WZEWMZ17EM9&amp=&sprefix=saramonic) | Optional: if you'd like to replace the carbon microphone. This is an omnidirectional lavalier mic and outputs via a 3.5mm TRS | 1 | $24.95 |
+
+## Setup
+
+### Hardware
+
+#### Wiring
+
+#### Microphone Replacement (Optional)
+
+I found the sound quality of the built-in [carbon microphone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_microphone) on the rotary phone to be quite lacking in terms of amplitude, dynamic range and overall vocal quality. I tried boosting the gain from the digital (ALSA driver) side but this introduced an incredible amount of noise as expected. I then approached this from the analog domain and tried alternative circuitry to boost the sound quality based off this [carbon-to-dynamic converter](https://www.circuits-diy.com/mic-converter-circuit/).
+
+Might be worth a further investigation in the future since it retains the integrity of the original rotary phone.
+
+My final attempt involved the introduction of some post-proceesing (see dev branch) to bandpass some of the freqs outside the speech domain and add some normalization. The processing was costly in terms of processing and power consumption/rendering time and I ultimately decided it was worth acquiring something that yielded a better capture right out the gate. Crap in, crap out - as they say in the sound recording industry.
+
+To replace:
+
+- Unscrew mouthpiece and remove the carbon mic
+- Pop out the plastic terminal housing with the two metal leads
+- Unscrew red and black wires from terminal
+
+![image](images/phone2.jpg)
+
+### Software
+
+#### Dev Environment
+
+- rpi image: [Rasbian](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/getting-started.html) w/ SSH enabled
+- rpi on same network as development machine
+- Desktop IDE: vscode w/ [SSH FS extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Kelvin.vscode-sshfs)
+
+[Here's](https://jayproulx.medium.com/headless-raspberry-pi-zero-w-setup-with-ssh-and-wi-fi-8ddd8c4d2742) a great guide to get the rpi setup headless w/ SSH & WiFi dialed in.
+
+#### Dependencies
+
+- `pip3 install -r requirements.txt` or pip install each manually:
+  - [GPIOZero](https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io)
+  - [Pydub](http://pydub.com/)
+  - [PyAudio](https://people.csail.mit.edu/hubert/pyaudio/)
+  - [PyYAML](https://pyyaml.org/)
+
+#### [AudioInterface Class](audioInterface.py)
+
+#### [rotaryGuestBook.service](rotaryGuestBook.service)
+
+This service starts the python script on boot. Place it in the `/etc/systemd/system` directory.
+
+`systemctl enable audioGuestBook.service`
+`systemctl start audioGuestBook.service`
+
+
+#### Operation Mode 1: [rotaryGuestBook](rotaryGuestBook.py)
+
+#### Operation Mode 2: [rotaryGuestBookwithRotaryDialer](rotaryGuestBookwithRotaryDialer.py)
+
+***Note*:** Untested - decided not to go this route for my own wedding
+
+- This mode is a special modification of the normal operation and requires a slightly different wiring connection since it accepts input from the rotary dialer.
+- The idea was to playback special messages when particular users dial a certain number combination (i.e. 909 would play back a message for certain guests who lived with the groom in that area code).
+- In this mode of operation the users will need to dial 0 on the rotary dialer in order to initiate the voicemail.

audioGuestBook.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+
+import audioInterface
+import os
+import yaml
+import sys
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from gpiozero import Button
+from signal import pause
+from pydub import AudioSegment
+from pydub.playback import play
+
+try:
+    with open("config.yaml") as f:
+        config = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
+except FileNotFoundError as e:
+    print(
+        f"Could not find the config.yaml file. FileNotFoundError: {e}. Check config location and retry."
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+hook = Button(config["hook_gpio"])
+
+
+def off_hook() -> None:
+    print("Phone off hook, ready to begin!")
+    audio_interface = audioInterface.AudioInterface(config, hook)
+
+    # playback voice message through speaker
+    print("Playing voicemail message...")
+    play(
+        AudioSegment.from_wav(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"]))
+            + "/sounds/voicemail.wav"
+        )
+        - config["playback_reduction"]
+    )
+
+    # start recording beep
+    print("Playing beep...")
+    play(
+        AudioSegment.from_wav(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"])) + "/sounds/beep.wav"
+        )
+        - config["beep_reduction"]
+    )
+
+    # now, while phone is off the hook, record audio from the microphone
+    print("recording")
+    audio_interface.record()
+    audio_interface.stop()
+    output_file = (
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"]))
+        + "/recordings/"
+        + f"{datetime.now().isoformat()}"
+    )
+    audio_interface.close(output_file + ".wav")
+    print("Finished recording!")
+
+
+def on_hook() -> None:
+    print("Phone on hook.\nSleeping...")
+
+
+def main():
+    hook.when_pressed = off_hook
+    hook.when_released = on_hook
+    pause()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

audioGuestBook.service

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=Rotary Phone Guest Book Project
+After=multi-user.target
+[Service]
+WorkingDirectory=/home/<username>/Desktop/rotaryGuestBook
+User=<username>
+Type=simple
+Restart=always
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/env python3 /home/<username>/Desktop/rotaryGuestBook/rotaryGuestBook.py
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

audioInterface.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+
+import pyaudio
+import time
+import wave
+from pydub import AudioSegment
+from pydub.effects import normalize, compress_dynamic_range
+from pydub.scipy_effects import band_pass_filter
+
+
+
+class AudioInterface:
+    def __init__(self, config, hook) -> None:
+        self.audio = pyaudio.PyAudio()
+        self.chunk = config["buffer_size"]
+        self.chans = config["channels"]
+        self.format = pyaudio.paInt16  # 16-bit resolution
+        self.frames = []  # raw data frames recorded from mic
+        self.hook = hook
+        self.samp_rate = config["sample_rate"]
+        self.recording_limit = config["recording_limit"]
+        self.dev_index = config["alsa_hw_mapping"] # device index found by p.get_device_info_by_index(ii)
+
+    def record(self):
+        # create pyaudio stream
+        self.stream = self.audio.open(
+            format=self.format,
+            rate=self.samp_rate,
+            channels=self.chans,
+            input_device_index=self.dev_index,
+            input=True,
+            frames_per_buffer=self.chunk,
+        )
+        # loop through stream and append audio chunks to frame array
+        try:
+            start = time.time()
+            while self.hook.is_pressed:
+                if time.time() - start < self.recording_limit:
+                    data = self.stream.read(self.chunk, exception_on_overflow=True)
+                    self.frames.append(data)
+                else:
+                    break
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            print("Done recording")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(str(e))
+
+    def play(self, file):
+        self.wf = wave.open(file, "rb")
+        self.stream = self.audio.open(
+            format=self.audio.get_format_from_width(self.wf.getsampwidth()),
+            channels=self.wf.getnchannels(),
+            rate=self.wf.getframerate(),
+            output=True,
+        )
+        """ Play entire file """
+        data = self.wf.readframes(self.chunk)
+        while len(data):
+            self.stream.write(data)
+            data = self.wf.readframes(self.chunk)
+
+    def stop(self):
+        # stop the stream
+        self.stream.stop_stream()
+        # close it
+        self.stream.close()
+        # terminate the pyaudio instantiation
+        self.audio.terminate()
+
+    def close(self, output_file):
+        # save the audio frames as .wav file
+        with wave.open(output_file, "wb") as wavefile:
+            wavefile.setnchannels(self.chans)
+            wavefile.setsampwidth(self.audio.get_sample_size(self.format))
+            wavefile.setframerate(self.samp_rate)
+            wavefile.writeframes(b"".join(self.frames))
+
+    def postProcess(self, outputFile):
+        """
+        TODO: Evaluate whether this is worthwhile...
+        """
+        source = AudioSegment.from_wav(outputFile + ".wav")
+
+        print("Filtering...")
+        filtered = band_pass_filter(source, 300, 10000)
+        print("Normalizing...")
+        normalized = normalize(filtered)
+
+        print("Compress Dynamic Range")
+        compressed = compress_dynamic_range(normalized)
+
+        print("Exporting normalized")
+        normalized.export(outputFile + "normalized.wav", format="wav")
+
+        print("Exporting compressed")
+        compressed.export(outputFile + "compressed.mp3", format="mp3")
+
+        print("Finished...")

config.yaml

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-hook_gpio: 22
+alsa_hw_mapping: 1
-rotary_gpio: 3
-rotary_hold_time: 0.25
-rotary_hold_repeat: true
-playback_reduction: 16
 beep_reduction: 24
-sample_rate: 44100
 buffer_size: 4096
-channels: 2
+channels: 2
+hook_gpio: 22
+playback_reduction: 16
+recording_limit: 60
+rotary_gpio: 23
+rotary_hold_repeat: true
+rotary_hold_time: 0.25
+sample_rate: 44100
+source_file: "audioGuestBook.py"

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+gpiozero==1.6.2
+pyaudio==0.2.12
+pydub==0.25.1
+PyYAML==6.0

rotaryGuestBook.py

@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-
-import os
-import yaml
-import pyaudio
-import wave
-from datetime import datetime
-from gpiozero import Button
-from multiprocessing import Process
-from signal import pause
-from pydub.scipy_effects import band_pass_filter
-from pydub.effects import normalize
-from pydub import AudioSegment
-from pydub.playback import play
-
-with open("config.yaml") as f:
-    config = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
-
-hook = Button(config["hook_gpio"])
-# rotaryDial = Button(pin=config['rotary_gpio'], hold_time=config['rotary_hold_time'], hold_repeat=config['rotary_hold_repeat'])
-
-"""
-TODO: These globals are a temp solution for the rotary dialer, would love to not
-depend on globals for this logic.
-"""
-# count = 0
-# dialed = []
-# reset_flag = False
-
-
-class AudioInterface:
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.audio = pyaudio.PyAudio()
-        self.samp_rate = config["sample_rate"]
-        self.chunk = config["buffer_size"]
-        self.chans = config["channels"]
-        self.format = pyaudio.paInt16  # 16-bit resolution
-        self.frames = []  # raw data frames recorded from mic
-
-    def record(self):
-        # create pyaudio stream
-        dev_index = 1  # device index found by p.get_device_info_by_index(ii)
-        self.stream = self.audio.open(
-            format=self.format,
-            rate=self.samp_rate,
-            channels=self.chans,
-            input_device_index=dev_index,
-            input=True,
-            frames_per_buffer=self.chunk,
-        )
-        # loop through stream and append audio chunks to frame array
-        try:
-            # TODO: either pass hook as object into class, or figure out another cleaner solution
-            while hook.is_pressed:
-                data = self.stream.read(self.chunk, exception_on_overflow=True)
-                self.frames.append(data)
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            print("Done recording")
-        except Exception as e:
-            print(str(e))
-
-    def play(self, file):
-        self.wf = wave.open(file, "rb")
-        self.stream = self.audio.open(
-            format=self.audio.get_format_from_width(self.wf.getsampwidth()),
-            channels=self.wf.getnchannels(),
-            rate=self.wf.getframerate(),
-            output=True,
-        )
-        """ Play entire file """
-        data = self.wf.readframes(self.chunk)
-        while len(data):
-            self.stream.write(data)
-            data = self.wf.readframes(self.chunk)
-
-    def stop(self):
-        # stop the stream
-        self.stream.stop_stream()
-        # close it
-        self.stream.close()
-        # terminate the pyaudio instantiation
-        self.audio.terminate()
-
-    def close(self, outputFile):
-        # save the audio frames as .wav file
-        with wave.open(outputFile, "wb") as wavefile:
-            wavefile.setnchannels(self.chans)
-            wavefile.setsampwidth(self.audio.get_sample_size(self.format))
-            wavefile.setframerate(self.samp_rate)
-            wavefile.writeframes(b"".join(self.frames))
-
-    def postProcess(self, outputFile):
-        """
-        TODO: Evaluate whether this is worthwhile...
-        """
-        source = AudioSegment.from_wav(outputFile + ".wav")
-
-        print("Filtering...")
-        filtered = band_pass_filter(source, 300, 10000)
-        print("Normalizing...")
-        normalized = normalize(filtered)
-
-        # print("Compress Dynamic Range")
-        # compressed = compress_dynamic_range(normalized)
-
-        print("Exporting normalized")
-        normalized.export(outputFile + "normalized.wav", format="wav")
-
-        # print("Exporting compressed")
-        # compressed.export(outputFile + "compressed.mp3", format="mp3")
-
-        print("Finished...")
-
-
-def offHook():
-    print("Phone off hook, ready to begin!")
-    # if dialed and dialed[0] == 0:
-    audioInterface = AudioInterface()
-
-    # playback voice message through speaker
-    print("Playing voicemail message...")
-    play(
-        AudioSegment.from_wav(
-            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("rotaryGuestBook.py"))
-            + "/sounds/voicemail.wav"
-        )
-        - config["playback_reduction"]
-    )
-
-    # start recording beep
-    print("Playing beep...")
-    play(
-        AudioSegment.from_wav(
-            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("rotaryGuestBook.py")) + "/sounds/beep.wav"
-        )
-        - config["beep_reduction"]
-    )
-
-    # now, while phone is not off the hook, record audio from the microphone
-    print("recording")
-    audioInterface.record()
-    audioInterface.stop()
-    outputFile = (
-        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("rotaryGuestBook.py"))
-        + "/recordings/"
-        + f"{datetime.now().isoformat()}"
-    )
-    audioInterface.close(outputFile + ".wav")
-    print("finished recording")
-
-    """
-    post processing
-    """
-    # print("spawn postProcessing thread")
-    # Process(target=audioInterface.postProcess, args=(outputFil e,)).start()
-
-    """
-    rotary dialer special messages
-    """
-    # if dialed[0:3] == [9,2,7]:
-    #     # play special vm
-    #     play(AudioSegment.from_wav(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("rotaryGuestBook.py")) + "/sounds/927.wav") - config['playback_reduction'])
-
-    # elif dialed[0:4] == [5,4,5,3]:
-    #     # play special vm
-    #     play(AudioSegment.from_wav(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("rotaryGuestBook.py")) + "/sounds/beep.wav") - config['beep_reduction'])
-
-
-def onHook():
-    print("Phone on hook. Sleeping...")
-    # print("Resetting dial list")
-    # global dialed
-    # dialed = []
-    # reset_pulse_counter()
-
-
-# def dialing():
-#     if hook.is_pressed:
-#         global count, reset_flag
-#         count+=1
-#         print(f"dialing, increment count: {count}")
-#         reset_flag = False
-
-# def reset_pulse_counter():
-#     global count, reset_flag
-#     count = 0
-#     print(f"reset count: {count}")
-#     reset_flag = True
-
-
-# def held():
-#     if not reset_flag:
-#         print("holding")
-#         print(count)
-#         global dialed
-#         if (count == 10):
-#             dialed.append(0)
-#         else:
-#             dialed.append(count)
-#         print(f"number dialed: {dialed}")
-#         offHook()
-#         reset_pulse_counter()
-
-
-def main():
-    # rotaryDial.when_pressed = dialing
-    # rotaryDial.when_held = held
-
-    hook.when_pressed = offHook
-    hook.when_released = onHook
-    pause()
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()

todo/audioGuestBookwithRotaryDialer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python3
+
+import audioInterface
+import os
+import yaml
+import sys
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from gpiozero import Button
+from multiprocessing import Process
+from signal import pause
+from pydub import AudioSegment
+from pydub.playback import play
+from pydub.scipy_effects import band_pass_filter
+from pydub.effects import normalize, compress_dynamic_range
+
+try:
+    with open("config.yaml") as f:
+        config = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)
+except FileNotFoundError as e:
+    print(
+        f"Could not find the config.yaml file. FileNotFoundError: {e}. Check config location and retry."
+    )
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+hook = Button(config["hook_gpio"])
+rotaryDial = Button(pin=config['rotary_gpio'], hold_time=config['rotary_hold_time'], hold_repeat=config['rotary_hold_repeat'])
+
+"""
+TODO: These globals are a temp solution for the rotary dialer, would love to not
+depend on globals for this logic.
+"""
+count = 0
+dialed = []
+reset_flag = False
+
+def off_hook() -> None:
+    print("Phone off hook, ready to begin!")
+    # if dialed and dialed[0] == 0:
+    audio_interface = audioInterface.AudioInterface(config, hook)
+
+    # playback voice message through speaker
+    print("Playing voicemail message...")
+    play(
+        AudioSegment.from_wav(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"]))
+            + "/sounds/voicemail.wav"
+        )
+        - config["playback_reduction"]
+    )
+
+    # start recording beep
+    print("Playing beep...")
+    play(
+        AudioSegment.from_wav(
+            os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"])) + "/sounds/beep.wav"
+        )
+        - config["beep_reduction"]
+    )
+
+    # now, while phone is not off the hook, record audio from the microphone
+    print("recording")
+    audio_interface.record()
+    audio_interface.stop()
+    output_file = (
+        os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"]))
+        + "/recordings/"
+        + f"{datetime.now().isoformat()}"
+    )
+    audio_interface.close(output_file + ".wav")
+    print("Finished recording!")
+
+    """
+    post processing
+    """
+    print("spawn postProcessing thread")
+    Process(target=audio_interface.postProcess, args=(output_file,)).start()
+
+    """
+    rotary dialer special messages
+    """
+    if dialed[0:3] == [9,2,7]:
+        # play special vm
+        play(AudioSegment.from_wav(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"])) + "/sounds/927.wav") - config['playback_reduction'])
+
+    elif dialed[0:4] == [5,4,5,3]:
+        # play special vm
+        play(AudioSegment.from_wav(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(config["source_file"])) + "/sounds/beep.wav") - config['beep_reduction'])
+
+
+def on_hook() -> None:
+    print("Phone on hook. Sleeping...")
+    print("Resetting dial list")
+    global dialed
+    dialed = []
+    reset_pulse_counter()
+
+
+def dialing() -> None:
+    if hook.is_pressed:
+        global count, reset_flag
+        count+=1
+        print(f"dialing, increment count: {count}")
+        reset_flag = False
+
+def reset_pulse_counter() -> None:
+    global count, reset_flag
+    count = 0
+    print(f"reset count: {count}")
+    reset_flag = True
+
+
+def held() -> None:
+    if not reset_flag:
+        print("holding")
+        print(count)
+        global dialed
+        if (count == 10):
+            dialed.append(0)
+        else:
+            dialed.append(count)
+        print(f"number dialed: {dialed}")
+        off_hook()
+        reset_pulse_counter()
+
+
+def main():
+    rotaryDial.when_pressed = dialing
+    rotaryDial.when_held = held
+    hook.when_pressed = off_hook
+    hook.when_released = on_hook
+    pause()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()