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Create usb-direct.md
instructions for how to use usb direct for one or multiple cameras
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# wz_mini_hacks -> USB Direct Implementation
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There's a lot of confusing information about usb direct. There are several different standards and several different arrangements you can find information about:
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This is *ethernet over usb* -- not *usb over ethernet* and not *an ethernet adapter over usb*.
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## On the Device
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set:
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```
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ENABLE_USB_DIRECT="true"
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```
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make sure that `ENABLE_USB_ETH="false"` and `ENABLE_USB_RNDIS="false"` as you can't use them all at once.
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I also strongly recommend setting
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```
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USB_DIRECT_MAC_ADDR="02:FF:FF:FF:FF:01"
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```
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for each device both to avoid conflicts and to be able to assign ip addresses.
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## The Cable
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The cable supplied with the wyze v3 is a power-only cable. It will not work for USB DIRECT because it doesn't have the data lines
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## On Your Host
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I'm using Raspbian "Buster" but much of what I'm writing will apply to most modern linux distributions.
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When you plug in a usb direct NCM device, it will create a **network.** Assuming you have no other usb-based networks, it will be usb0.
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Since it is a **network**, the host will have a *host ip* and the wyze cam will be accessible via its *client ip*.
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If you don't set any options beforehand, the *host ip* will be a private ip (169.254.xxx.xxx/16). **In other words, you won't be able to access the camera**.
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### One-Camera Setup
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To resolve this for *one camera*, you need to give the network interface:
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1. a static *host ip* address
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2. an ip range for the network
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3. assign an ip address for the *client ip*.
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#### One-Camera with /etc/network/interfaces
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if you are using /etc/network/interfaces, this looks like:
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```
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allow-hotplug usb0
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auto usb0
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iface usb0 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.1
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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```
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and then for dnsmasq.conf:
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```
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interface=usb0
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dhcp-range=usb0,192.168.5.2,192.168.5.255,255.255.255.0,24h
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dhcp-host=usb0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:01,192.168.5.101
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```
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#### One-Camera with dhcpcd.conf / dnsmasq.conf
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if you are using /etc/dhcpcd.conf, this looks like:
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```
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interface usb0
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static ip_address=192.168.5.1/24
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nohook wpa_supplicant
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```
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in conjunction with /etc/dnsmasq.conf :
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```
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interface=usb0
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dhcp-range=usb0,192.168.5.2,192.168.5.255,255.255.255.0,24h
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dhcp-host=usb0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:01,192.168.5.101
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```
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after that, restart dhcdpcd and dnsmasq and connect your wyze v3 and it should work.
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#### One-camera with systemd-networkd
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(Unfortunately I don't have a system with this configuration).
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### Multiple-Camera Setup
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Since each usb direct device will create its own **network interface**, if you use the above solution for multiple cameras, you're going to wind up with quite a few different networks that can't see each other.
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WORSE: Depending on the order in which you turn on the usb direct devices, they will be assigned to different **network interfaces**. E.g.,
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* On Monday: Camera 1 turns on first = usb0; Camera 2 turns on second = usb1 ...
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* On Tuesday: Camera 2 turns on first = usb0; Camera 2 turns on second = usb2 ...
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This will break the dhcp behavior above and make your cameras inaccessible. You could play whack-a-mole by setting up assignments for each camera in each subnet and then trying them all ...
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The solution is to bridge together all of your usb direct devices so they appear as a single subnet. This will make it so that all *client ip* addresses are visible in the same subnet and can be assigned using the same dhcp-range.
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#### Multiple Camera bridge setup systemd-networkd
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I think this is also possible using systemd-networkd using for instance: https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=298451
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The systemd-networkd solution has the added bonus of being less lengthy since you can use wildcards
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#### Multiple Camera bridge setup : dhcpcd.conf , dnsmasq.conf , /etc/network/interfaces
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In my case, I was wary to switch to networkd since my pi is already running a few other network related items.
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As far as I can tell, this cannot be done using *only* dhcpcd.conf because the usb direct interfaces hotplug.
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First, Install bridging or make sure its installed
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Second, start the bridge:
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```
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$ brctl addbr br0
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$ ip link add name br0 type bridge
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$ ip link set dev br0 up
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```
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Third, edit /etc/dhcpcd.conf:
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```
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denyinterfaces br0 usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3 usb4 usb5 usb6
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interface br0
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static ip_address=192.168.9.1/24
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nohook wpa_supplicant
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```
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Deny interfaces tells dhcpcd not to control those items.
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Fourth, add network interfaces to the /etc/network/interfaces system
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In my case, I had to put them in a different file /etc/network/interfaces.d/10-bridge.conf to avoid a check that dhcpcd does:
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```
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auto br0
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iface br0 inet static
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address 192.168.9.1
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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bridge_ports usb0 usb1 usb2 usb3 usb4 usb5 usb6
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allow-hotplug usb0
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allow-hotplug usb1
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allow-hotplug usb2
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allow-hotplug usb3
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allow-hotplug usb4
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allow-hotplug usb5
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allow-hotplug usb6
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auto usb0
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iface usb0 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.10
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb0 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb0
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auto usb1
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iface usb1 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.11
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb1 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb1
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auto usb2
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iface usb2 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.12
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb2 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb2
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auto usb3
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iface usb3 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.13
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb3 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb3
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auto usb4
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iface usb4 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.14
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb4 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb4
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auto usb5
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iface usb5 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.15
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb5 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb5
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auto usb6
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iface usb6 inet manual
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address 192.168.9.16
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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up ifconfig usb6 up
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up brctl addif br0 usb6
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```
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Fifth,
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dnsmasq.conf:
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```
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interface=br0
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dhcp-range=br0,192.168.9.2,192.168.9.255,255.255.255.0,24h
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:01,192.168.9.101
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:02,192.168.9.102
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:03,192.168.9.103
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:04,192.168.9.104
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:05,192.168.9.105
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:06,192.168.9.106
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dhcp-host=br0,02:FF:FF:FF:FF:07,192.168.9.107
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```
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**interface** tells dnsmasq what network interface to monitor
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**dhcp-range** tells it what range it assigns over
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**dhcp-host** tells what interface / what mac address gets what ip address (apparently in *very* old version of dnsmasq you could not set the interface at the beginning)
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Finally, restart dhcpcd and dnsmasq and turn on your usb direct device
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You should be able to access the cameras at 192.168.9.101 - 192.168.9.107
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(you would need to modify /etc/network/interfaces and dnsmasq.conf to expand past 7 cameras )
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