# Rotary Phone Audio Guestbook

- [Rotary Phone Audio Guestbook](#rotary-phone-audio-guestbook)
  - [Background](#background)
  - [Post-Event](#post-event)
    - [Future Work (Action Items)](#future-work-action-items)
  - [Materials](#materials)
  - [Hardware](#hardware)
    - [Wiring](#wiring)
      - [Hook](#hook)
      - [Phone Cord](#phone-cord)
    - [Microphone Replacement (Optional)](#microphone-replacement-optional)
  - [Software](#software)
    - [Dev Environment](#dev-environment)
    - [Dependencies](#dependencies)
    - [Config](#config)
    - [AudioInterface Class](#audiointerface-class)
      - [audioGuestBook systemctl service](#audioguestbook-systemctl-service)
    - [Operation Mode 1: audioGuestBook](#operation-mode-1-audioguestbook)
    - [Operation Mode 2: audioGuestBookwithRotaryDialer](#operation-mode-2-audioguestbookwithrotarydialer)
  - [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
  - [Support](#support)

This project transforms a rotary phone into a voice recorder for use at special events (i.e. wedding audio guestbook, etc.).

![image](images/final_result_2.jpg)

## Background

I was inspired by my own upcoming wedding to put together a DIY solution for an audio guestbook using a rotary phone. Most online rentals were charging $600 for an experience that didn't even offer the ability to add a custom voice mail and took about 4-6 weeks of turn around time to process the audio after the event. I tried to use as many parts that I had laying around to keep costs down. It worked out quite well and we were able to gather some very special voice messages.

Below you will find a parts list and detailed setup guide. Please feel free to reach out to me with any questions.

## Post-Event

Since this was a trial by fire type of scenario there ended up being a few gotchas at the real event which I've since accounted for. Namely setting a time limit on the recording length as we had some youngsters leaving 5+ minute messages repeatedly and this ended up draining the battery. Alternatively, depending on your scenario, it might be preferable to attach directly to a 5V power supply.

### Future Work (Action Items)

A few weeks before the wedding I had the code registering dialed numbers from the rotary encoder with the goal of playing back special messages for certain guests who dialed a certain combination (i.e. dial an area code to hear a special message to my old roomates). The details of this operation mode are described in [Mode 2](#operation-mode-2-rotaryguestbookwithrotarydialer) below. In order to activate this mode I had to wait for input when the phone was off the hook. This required an extra step of dialing zero before leaving a normal voice message. In the end we decided to keep it simple and I've thus migrated this code to the dev branch along with the code to run through post-porcessing the audio in a separate process.
If any one is interested in expanding this please feel free.

I would also like to thread the audio playback so I can have a monitor/watchdog service terminate the thread upon hook callback so that the message doesn't continue playing once the user hangs up.

## Materials

| Part|Notes|Quantity|Cost|
| - | - | - | - |
| [rotary phone](https://www.ebay.com/b/Rotary-Dial-Telephone/38038/bn_55192308) | Estate/garage/yard sales are probably the best places to find once of these. Ideally one with a phone jack since we will be using these four wires extensively. | 1 | $0.00-$60.00 |
| [raspberry pi zero](https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-zero/) | I didn't realize how hard these are to find these days. You can use any rpi or arduino style single-board computer but be aware of size constraints (i.e. must fit inside the rotary phone enclosure) | 1 | $9.99 |
| [raspberry pi zero case](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3252) | Optional: added for protection. One of the cases on Amazon has a heat-sink cutout which might be nice for better heat dissapation since it will all be enclosed in the end. | 1 | $4.95 |
| [micro SD card](https://a.co/d/1gb2zhC) | Any high capacity/throughput micro SD card that is rpi compatible | 1 | $8.99 |
| [USB Audio Adapter](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1475) | Note: I removed the external plastic shell and directly soldered the wires instead of using the female 3.5mm receptacle. | 1 | $4.95 |
| [USB OTG Host Cable - MicroB OTG male to A female](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1099) | | 1 | $2.50 |
| --- | **--- If you don't want to solder anything ---** | --- | --- |
| [3.5mm Male to Screw Terminal Connector](https://www.parts-express.com/3.5mm-Male-to-Screw-Terminal-Connector-090-110?quantity=1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=18395892906&utm_content=145242146127&gadid=623430178298&gclid=CjwKCAiAioifBhAXEiwApzCztl7aVb18WP4hDxnlQUCHsb62oIcnduFCSCbn9LFkZovYTQdr6omb3RoCD_gQAvD_BwE) | Optional: can connect the handset cables directly to the USB audio interface via these screw terminals | 2 | $1.37 |
| --- | **--- If running off a battery ---** | --- | --- |
| [LiPo Battery](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2011)| Optional: maximize capacity based on what will fit within your rotary enclosure. |1| $12.50 |
| [LiPo Shim](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3196)| Optional: if you plan to run this off a LiPo I would recommend something like this to interface with the rpi zero. |1| $9.95 |
| [LiPo Charger](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1904) | Optional: for re-charging the LiPo. |1| $6.95 |
| --- | **--- If replacing the built-it microphone ---** | --- | --- |
| [LavMic](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01N6P80OQ?ref=nb_sb_ss_w_as-reorder-t1_ypp_rep_k3_1_9&amp=&crid=15WZEWMZ17EM9&amp=&sprefix=saramonic) | Optional: if you'd like to replace the carbon microphone. This is an omnidirectional lavalier mic and outputs via a 3.5mm TRS | 1 | $24.95 |

## Hardware

### Wiring

#### Hook

- Use multimeter to do a continuity check to find out which pins control the hook:
  
| On-hook --> Open circuit (Value == 1)  | Off-hook --> Current flowing |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| ![image](images/hook_test_1.jpg) | ![image](images/hook_test_2.jpg)  |

- The B screw terminal on the rotary phone is connected to the black wire which is grounded to the rpi.
- The L2 screw terminal on the rotary phone is connected to the white wire which is connected to GPIO pin 22 on the rpi.

  ![image](images/pi_block_terminal_wiring.jpg)

- *Note: the green wire was used for the experimental rotary encoder feature identified in the [future work](#future-work-action-items) section.*

| Rotary Phone Block Terminal  | Top-down view |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| ![image](images/block_terminal.jpg) | ![image](images/top_view_block_terminal.jpg)  |
  
#### Phone Cord

- The wires from the handset cord need to be connected to the USB audio interface
  - I soldered it but you can alternatively use 2x [3.5mm Male to Screw Terminal Connector](https://www.parts-express.com/3.5mm-Male-to-Screw-Terminal-Connector-090-110?quantity=1&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=18395892906&utm_content=145242146127&gadid=623430178298&gclid=CjwKCAiAioifBhAXEiwApzCztl7aVb18WP4hDxnlQUCHsb62oIcnduFCSCbn9LFkZovYTQdr6omb3RoCD_gQAvD_BwE) which plug directly into the rpi.
    - *Note: The USB audio interface looks weird in the pics since I stripped the plastic shell off in order to solder directly to the mic/speaker leads*

![image](images/dissected_view_1.jpg)

- Use this ALSA command from the command line to test if the mic is working on the rpi before you set up the rotary phone: `aplay -l`
  - You might have a different hardware mapping than I did, in which case you would change the `alsa_hw_mapping` in the [config.yaml](config.yaml).
  - [Here's](https://superuser.com/questions/53957/what-do-alsa-devices-like-hw0-0-mean-how-do-i-figure-out-which-to-use) a good reference to device selection.
  - You can also check [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32838279/getting-list-of-audio-input-devices-in-python) from Python.

### Microphone Replacement (Optional)

I found the sound quality of the built-in [carbon microphone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_microphone) on the rotary phone to be quite lacking in terms of amplitude, dynamic range and overall vocal quality. I tried boosting the gain from the digital (ALSA driver) side but this introduced an incredible amount of noise as expected. I then approached this from the analog domain and tried alternative circuitry to boost the sound quality based off this [carbon-to-dynamic converter](https://www.circuits-diy.com/mic-converter-circuit/).

Might be worth a further investigation in the future since it retains the integrity of the original rotary phone.

My final attempt involved the introduction of some post-proceesing (see dev branch) to bandpass some of the freqs outside the speech domain and add some normalization. The processing was costly in terms of processing and power consumption/rendering time and I ultimately decided it was worth acquiring something that yielded a better capture right out the gate. Crap in, crap out - as they say in the sound recording industry.

To replace:

- Unscrew mouthpiece and remove the carbon mic
- Pop out the plastic terminal housing with the two metal leads
- Unscrew red and black wires from terminal
- Prepare your lav mic
  - I pulled off the 3.5mm male headphone pin since it is usually coated and annoyingly difficult to solder directly on to.
  - Carefully separate the two wires from the lav mic and spiral up the surrounding copper. This will act as our ground signal.
- Extend the green wire from the phone cord clip to the ground point of the lav mic.
- Red to red, black to blue as per the following diagram:

![image](images/phone_wiring.jpg)

![image](images/handset_mic_wiring.jpg)

![image](images/handset_mic_positioning.jpg)

## Software

### Dev Environment

- rpi image: [Rasbian](https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/getting-started.html) w/ SSH enabled
- rpi on same network as development machine
- Desktop IDE: vscode w/ [SSH FS extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Kelvin.vscode-sshfs)

[Here's](https://jayproulx.medium.com/headless-raspberry-pi-zero-w-setup-with-ssh-and-wi-fi-8ddd8c4d2742) a great guide to get the rpi setup headless w/ SSH & WiFi dialed in.

### Dependencies

- `pip3 install -r requirements.txt` or pip install each manually:
  - [GPIOZero](https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io)
  - [Pydub](http://pydub.com/)
  - [PyAudio](https://people.csail.mit.edu/hubert/pyaudio/)
  - [PyYAML](https://pyyaml.org/)

### [Config](config.yaml)

- This file allows you to customize your own set up (edit rpi pins, audio reduction, alsa mapping, etc), modify the yaml as necessary.
- Ensure the sample rate is supported by your audio interface (default = 44100 Hz (decimal not required))
- For GPIO mapping, refer to the wiring diagram specific to your rpi:
  ![image](images/rpi_GPIO.png)

### [AudioInterface Class](audioInterface.py)

- Utilizes pydub and pyaudio extensively.
- Houses the main playback/record logic and has future #TODO expansion for postprocessing the audio. Would like to test on an rpi4 to see if it can handle it better for real-time applications.

#### [audioGuestBook systemctl service](/audioGuestBook.service)

This service starts the python script on boot. Place it in the `/etc/systemd/system` directory and modify the **WorkingDirectoy** and **ExecStart** paths below according to the specific directory in which you cloned the project, i.e.:

```sh
[Unit]
Description=Rotary Phone Guest Book Project
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/home/<username>/Desktop/rotaryGuestBook
User=<username>
Type=simple
Restart=always
ExecStart=/usr/bin/env python3 /home/<username>/Desktop/rotaryGuestBook/rotaryGuestBook.py
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```

```sh
systemctl enable audioGuestBook.service
systemctl start audioGuestBook.service
```

### Operation Mode 1: [audioGuestBook](/audioGuestBook.py)

- This is the main operation mode of the device.
- There are two callbacks in main which poll the gpio pins for the specified activity (hook depressed, hook released).
- Once triggered the appropriate function is called.
- On hook (depressed)
  - Nothing happens
- Off hook (released)
  - Plays back your own welcome message located in `/sounds/voicemail.wav` followed by the beep indicating ready to record.
  - Begins recording the guests voice message.
  - Guest hangs up, recording is stopped and stored to the `/recordings/` directory.

### Operation Mode 2: [audioGuestBookwithRotaryDialer](./todo/audioGuestBookwithRotaryDialer.py)

***Note*:** Untested - decided not to go this route for my own wedding

- This mode is a special modification of the normal operation and requires a slightly different wiring connection since it accepts input from the rotary dialer.
- The idea was to playback special messages when particular users dial a certain number combination (i.e. 909 would play back a message for certain guests who lived with the groom in that area code).
- In this mode of operation the users will need to dial 0 on the rotary dialer in order to initiate the voicemail.
- The rotary dialer is a bit more complex to set up, you need a pull up resistor connected between the F screw terminal and 5V on the rpi and the other end on GPIO 23. #TODO: Diagram

## Troubleshooting

### Verify default audio interface

A few users had issues where audio I/O was defaulting to HDMI. To alleviate this, check the following:

#### Check the Sound Card Configuration:

Verify the available sound devices using the following command:

```bash
aplay -l
```

_Ensure that your USB audio interface is listed and note the card and device numbers._

#### Set the Default Sound Card:

If you want to route audio through your USB audio interface, you'll need to make it the default sound card.
Edit the ALSA configuration file (usually located at `/etc/asound.conf` or `~/.asoundrc`) and add the following:

```bash
defaults.pcm.card X
defaults.ctl.card X
```

_Replace X with the card number of your USB audio interface obtained from the previous step._

#### Restart ALSA

```bash
sudo /etc/init.d/alsa-utils restart
```

## Support

If this code helped you or if you have some feedback, I'd be thrilled to [hear about it](mailto:dillpicholas@duck.com)! 
Feel like saying thanks? You can [buy me a coffee](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/dillpicholas) ☕.