yattee/Model/Player/Backends/AVPlayerBackend.swift

import AVKit
import Defaults
import Foundation
import Logging
import MediaPlayer
#if !os(macOS)
    import UIKit
#endif
import SwiftUI

final class AVPlayerBackend: PlayerBackend {
    static let assetKeysToLoad = ["tracks", "playable", "duration"]

    @Default(.avPlayerAllowsNonStreamableFormats) private var allowsNonStreamableFormats

    private var logger = Logger(label: "avplayer-backend")

    var model: PlayerModel { .shared }
    var controls: PlayerControlsModel { .shared }
    var playerTime: PlayerTimeModel { .shared }
    var networkState: NetworkStateModel { .shared }
    var seek: SeekModel { .shared }

    var stream: Stream?
    var video: Video?

    var suggestedPlaybackRates: [Double] {
        [0.5, 0.67, 0.8, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2]
    }

    func canPlayAtRate(_ rate: Double) -> Bool {
        suggestedPlaybackRates.contains(rate)
    }

    var currentTime: CMTime? {
        avPlayer.currentTime()
    }

    var loadedVideo: Bool {
        !avPlayer.currentItem.isNil
    }

    var isLoadingVideo = false

    var hasStarted = false
    var isPaused: Bool {
        avPlayer.timeControlStatus == .paused
    }

    var isPlaying: Bool {
        avPlayer.timeControlStatus == .playing
    }

    var videoWidth: Double? {
        if let width = avPlayer.currentItem?.presentationSize.width {
            return Double(width)
        }
        return nil
    }

    var videoHeight: Double? {
        if let height = avPlayer.currentItem?.presentationSize.height {
            return Double(height)
        }

        return nil
    }

    var aspectRatio: Double {
        #if os(iOS)
            guard let videoWidth, let videoHeight else {
                return VideoPlayerView.defaultAspectRatio
            }
            return videoWidth / videoHeight
        #else
            VideoPlayerView.defaultAspectRatio
        #endif
    }

    var isSeeking: Bool {
        // TODO: implement this maybe?
        false
    }

    var playerItemDuration: CMTime? {
        avPlayer.currentItem?.asset.duration
    }

    private(set) var avPlayer = AVPlayer()
    private(set) var playerLayer = AVPlayerLayer()
    #if os(tvOS)
        var controller: AppleAVPlayerViewController?
    #elseif os(iOS)
        var controller = AVPlayerViewController() { didSet {
            controller.player = avPlayer
        }}
    #endif
    var startPictureInPictureOnPlay = false
    var startPictureInPictureOnSwitch = false

    private var asset: AVURLAsset?
    private var composition = AVMutableComposition()
    private var loadedCompositionAssets = [AVMediaType]()

    private var frequentTimeObserver: Any?
    private var infrequentTimeObserver: Any?
    private var playerTimeControlStatusObserver: NSKeyValueObservation?

    private var statusObservation: NSKeyValueObservation?

    private var timeObserverThrottle = Throttle(interval: 2)

    var controlsUpdates = false

    // Retry mechanism
    private var retryCount = 0
    private let maxRetries = 3
    private var currentRetryStream: Stream?
    private var currentRetryVideo: Video?
    private var currentRetryPreservingTime = false
    private var currentRetryUpgrading = false

    init() {
        addFrequentTimeObserver()
        addInfrequentTimeObserver()
        addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver()

        playerLayer.player = avPlayer
        #if os(iOS)
            controller.player = avPlayer
        #endif
        logger.info("AVPlayerBackend initialized.")
    }

    deinit {
        // Invalidate any observers to avoid memory leaks
        statusObservation?.invalidate()
        playerTimeControlStatusObserver?.invalidate()

        // Remove any time observers added to AVPlayer
        if let frequentObserver = frequentTimeObserver {
            avPlayer.removeTimeObserver(frequentObserver)
        }
        if let infrequentObserver = infrequentTimeObserver {
            avPlayer.removeTimeObserver(infrequentObserver)
        }

        // Remove notification observers
        removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()

        logger.info("AVPlayerBackend deinitialized.")
    }

    func canPlay(_ stream: Stream) -> Bool {
        // AVPlayer has a fundamental limitation with MP4/AVC1 progressive downloads:
        // If the moov atom is at the end of the file (common case), it must download
        // the entire file before playback can start. MPV doesn't have this limitation.
        // By default, reject non-HLS MP4/AVC1 streams unless user explicitly enables them.

        // Check if this is a non-streamable format (MP4/AVC1) that isn't HLS
        let isNonStreamableFormat = stream.kind != .hls && (stream.format == .mp4 || stream.format == .avc1)

        if isNonStreamableFormat && !allowsNonStreamableFormats {
            return false
        }

        // If non-streamable formats are enabled, allow MP4/AVC1 adaptive streams
        // but limit to 1080p maximum (higher resolutions can't be played properly)
        if isNonStreamableFormat && allowsNonStreamableFormats {
            let maxHeight = 1080
            if let resolution = stream.resolution, resolution.height > maxHeight {
                return false
            }
            return true
        }

        // AVPlayer works well with HLS and stream formats
        return stream.kind == .hls || stream.kind == .stream
    }

    func playStream(
        _ stream: Stream,
        of video: Video,
        preservingTime: Bool,
        upgrading: Bool
    ) {
        // Store stream and video for potential retries
        currentRetryStream = stream
        currentRetryVideo = video
        currentRetryPreservingTime = preservingTime
        currentRetryUpgrading = upgrading

        isLoadingVideo = true

        if let url = stream.singleAssetURL {
            model.logger.info("playing stream with one asset\(stream.kind == .hls ? " (HLS)" : ""): \(url)")

            if video.isLocal, video.localStreamIsFile {
                _ = url.startAccessingSecurityScopedResource()
            }

            loadSingleAsset(url, stream: stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, upgrading: upgrading)
        } else {
            model.logger.info("playing stream with many assets:")
            model.logger.info("composition audio asset: \(stream.audioAsset.url)")
            model.logger.info("composition video asset: \(stream.videoAsset.url)")

            loadComposition(stream, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
        }
    }

    func play() {
        guard avPlayer.timeControlStatus != .playing else {
            return
        }

        // After the video has ended, hitting play restarts the video from the beginning.
        if currentTime?.seconds.formattedAsPlaybackTime() == model.playerTime.duration.seconds.formattedAsPlaybackTime(),
           currentTime!.seconds > 0, model.playerTime.duration.seconds > 0
        {
            seek(to: 0, seekType: .loopRestart)
        }
        #if !os(macOS)
            model.setAudioSessionActive(true)
        #endif
        avPlayer.play()

        // Setting hasStarted to true the first time player started
        if !hasStarted {
            hasStarted = true
        }

        model.objectWillChange.send()
    }

    func pause() {
        guard avPlayer.timeControlStatus != .paused else {
            return
        }
        avPlayer.pause()
        model.objectWillChange.send()
    }

    func togglePlay() {
        if isPlaying {
            pause()
        } else {
            play()
        }
    }

    func stop() {
        avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
        hasStarted = false
    }

    func cancelLoads() {
        asset?.cancelLoading()
        composition.cancelLoading()
    }

    func seek(to time: CMTime, seekType _: SeekType, completionHandler: ((Bool) -> Void)?) {
        guard !model.live else { return }

        avPlayer.seek(
            to: time,
            toleranceBefore: .zero,
            toleranceAfter: .zero,
            completionHandler: completionHandler ?? { _ in }
        )
    }

    func setRate(_ rate: Double) {
        avPlayer.rate = Float(rate)
    }

    func closeItem() {
        avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: nil)
        video = nil
        stream = nil
    }

    func closePiP() {
        model.pipController?.stopPictureInPicture()
    }

    private func loadSingleAsset(
        _ url: URL,
        stream: Stream,
        of video: Video,
        preservingTime: Bool = false,
        upgrading: Bool = false
    ) {
        asset?.cancelLoading()
        asset = AVURLAsset(
            url: url,
            options: ["AVURLAssetHTTPHeaderFieldsKey": ["User-Agent": "\(UserAgentManager.shared.userAgent)"]]
        )
        asset?.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
            var error: NSError?
            switch self?.asset?.statusOfValue(forKey: "duration", error: &error) {
            case .loaded:
                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
                    self?.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, upgrading: upgrading)
                }
            case .failed:
                self?.handleFileLoadError(error: error)
            default:
                return
            }
        }
    }

    private func loadComposition(
        _ stream: Stream,
        of video: Video,
        preservingTime: Bool = false
    ) {
        loadedCompositionAssets = []
        loadCompositionAsset(stream.audioAsset, stream: stream, type: .audio, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, model: model)
        loadCompositionAsset(stream.videoAsset, stream: stream, type: .video, of: video, preservingTime: preservingTime, model: model)
    }

    private func loadCompositionAsset(
        _ asset: AVURLAsset,
        stream: Stream,
        type: AVMediaType,
        of video: Video,
        preservingTime: Bool = false,
        model: PlayerModel
    ) {
        model.logger.info("loading \(type.rawValue) track")

        asset.loadValuesAsynchronously(forKeys: Self.assetKeysToLoad) { [weak self] in
            guard let self else {
                return
            }
            let assetTracks = asset.tracks(withMediaType: type)

            guard let compositionTrack = self.composition.addMutableTrack(
                withMediaType: type,
                preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid
            ) else {
                model.logger.critical("composition \(type.rawValue) addMutableTrack FAILED")
                return
            }

            guard let assetTrack = assetTracks.first else {
                model.logger.critical("asset \(type.rawValue) track FAILED")
                return
            }

            try! compositionTrack.insertTimeRange(
                CMTimeRange(start: .zero, duration: CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(video.length)),
                of: assetTrack,
                at: .zero
            )

            model.logger.critical("\(type.rawValue) LOADED")

            guard model.streamSelection == stream else {
                model.logger.critical("IGNORING LOADED")
                return
            }

            self.loadedCompositionAssets.append(type)

            if self.loadedCompositionAssets.count == 2 {
                self.insertPlayerItem(stream, for: video, preservingTime: preservingTime)
            }
        }
    }

    private func insertPlayerItem(
        _ stream: Stream,
        for video: Video,
        preservingTime: Bool = false,
        upgrading: Bool = false
    ) {
        removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()

        model.playerItem = playerItem(stream)

        if stream.isHLS {
            model.playerItem?.preferredPeakBitRate = Double(model.qualityProfile?.resolution.value.bitrate ?? 0)
        }

        guard model.playerItem != nil else {
            return
        }

        addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver()
        attachMetadata()

        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            self.stream = stream
            self.video = video
            self.model.stream = stream
            self.composition = AVMutableComposition()
            self.asset = nil
        }

        let startPlaying = {
            #if !os(macOS)
                self.model.setAudioSessionActive(true)
            #endif

            self.setRate(self.model.currentRate)

            guard let item = self.model.playerItem, self.isAutoplaying(item) else { return }

            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.3) { [weak self] in
                guard let self else {
                    return
                }

                if self.model.musicMode {
                    self.startMusicMode()
                }

                if !preservingTime,
                   !self.model.transitioningToPiP,
                   let segment = self.model.sponsorBlock.segments.first,
                   segment.start < 3,
                   self.model.lastSkipped.isNil
                {
                    self.avPlayer.seek(
                        to: segment.endTime,
                        toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
                        toleranceAfter: .zero
                    ) { finished in
                        guard finished else {
                            return
                        }

                        self.model.lastSkipped = segment
                        self.model.handleOnPlayStream(stream)
                        self.model.play()
                    }
                } else {
                    self.model.handleOnPlayStream(stream)
                    self.model.play()
                }
            }
        }

        let replaceItemAndSeek = {
            guard video == self.model.currentVideo else {
                return
            }

            self.avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: self.model.playerItem)
            self.seekToPreservedTime { finished in
                guard finished else {
                    return
                }

                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
                    self?.model.preservedTime = nil
                }

                startPlaying()
            }
        }

        if preservingTime {
            if model.preservedTime.isNil || upgrading {
                model.saveTime {
                    replaceItemAndSeek()
                    startPlaying()
                }
            } else {
                replaceItemAndSeek()
                startPlaying()
            }
        } else {
            avPlayer.replaceCurrentItem(with: model.playerItem)
            startPlaying()
        }
    }

    private func seekToPreservedTime(completionHandler: @escaping (Bool) -> Void = { _ in }) {
        guard let time = model.preservedTime else {
            return
        }

        avPlayer.seek(
            to: time,
            toleranceBefore: .secondsInDefaultTimescale(1),
            toleranceAfter: .zero,
            completionHandler: completionHandler
        )
    }

    private func playerItem(_: Stream) -> AVPlayerItem? {
        if let asset {
            return AVPlayerItem(asset: asset)
        }
        return AVPlayerItem(asset: composition)
    }

    private func attachMetadata() {
        guard let video = model.currentVideo else { return }

        #if !os(macOS)
            var externalMetadata = [
                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierTitle, value: video.displayTitle),
                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierArtist, value: video.displayAuthor),
                makeMetadataItem(.quickTimeMetadataGenre, value: video.genre ?? ""),
                makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierDescription, value: video.description ?? "")
            ]

            if let thumbnailURL = video.thumbnailURL(quality: .medium) {
                let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: thumbnailURL) { [weak self] thumbnailData, _, _ in
                    guard let thumbnailData else { return }

                    let image = UIImage(data: thumbnailData)
                    if let pngData = image?.pngData() {
                        if let artworkItem = self?.makeMetadataItem(.commonIdentifierArtwork, value: pngData) {
                            externalMetadata.append(artworkItem)
                        }
                    }

                    self?.avPlayer.currentItem?.externalMetadata = externalMetadata
                }

                task.resume()
            }

        #endif

        if let item = model.playerItem {
            #if !os(macOS)
                item.externalMetadata = externalMetadata
            #endif
            item.preferredForwardBufferDuration = 5
            observePlayerItemStatus(item)
        }
    }

    #if !os(macOS)
        private func makeMetadataItem(_ identifier: AVMetadataIdentifier, value: Any) -> AVMetadataItem {
            let item = AVMutableMetadataItem()

            item.identifier = identifier
            item.value = value as? NSCopying & NSObjectProtocol
            item.extendedLanguageTag = "und"

            return item.copy() as! AVMetadataItem
        }
    #endif

    func isAutoplaying(_ item: AVPlayerItem) -> Bool {
        avPlayer.currentItem == item
    }

    private func observePlayerItemStatus(_ item: AVPlayerItem) {
        statusObservation?.invalidate()
        statusObservation = item.observe(\.status, options: [.old, .new]) { [weak self] playerItem, _ in
            guard let self else {
                return
            }

            self.isLoadingVideo = false

            switch playerItem.status {
            case .readyToPlay:
                // Reset retry state on successful load
                self.resetRetryState()

                if self.model.activeBackend == .appleAVPlayer,
                   self.isAutoplaying(playerItem)
                {
                    if self.model.aspectRatio != self.aspectRatio {
                        self.model.updateAspectRatio()
                    }

                    if self.startPictureInPictureOnPlay,
                       let controller = self.model.pipController,
                       controller.isPictureInPicturePossible
                    {
                        self.tryStartingPictureInPicture()
                    } else {
                        self.model.play()
                    }
                } else if self.startPictureInPictureOnPlay {
                    self.model.stream = self.stream
                    self.model.streamSelection = self.stream

                    if self.model.activeBackend != .appleAVPlayer {
                        self.startPictureInPictureOnSwitch = true
                        let seconds = self.model.mpvBackend.currentTime?.seconds ?? 0
                        self.seek(to: seconds, seekType: .backendSync) { finished in
                            guard finished else { return }
                            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                                self.model.pause()
                                self.model.changeActiveBackend(from: .mpv, to: .appleAVPlayer, changingStream: false)

                                Delay.by(3) {
                                    self.startPictureInPictureOnPlay = false
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

            case .failed:
                self.handleFileLoadError(error: item.error)

            default:
                return
            }
        }
    }

    private func addItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
        NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
            self,
            selector: #selector(itemDidPlayToEndTime),
            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
            object: model.playerItem
        )
    }

    private func removeItemDidPlayToEndTimeObserver() {
        NotificationCenter.default.removeObserver(
            self,
            name: NSNotification.Name.AVPlayerItemDidPlayToEndTime,
            object: model.playerItem
        )
    }

    @objc func itemDidPlayToEndTime() {
        eofPlaybackModeAction()
    }

    private func addFrequentTimeObserver() {
        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(0.5)

        frequentTimeObserver = avPlayer.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
            forInterval: interval,
            queue: .main
        ) { [weak self] _ in
            guard let self, self.model.activeBackend == .appleAVPlayer else {
                return
            }

            guard !self.model.currentItem.isNil else {
                return
            }

            self.model.updateNowPlayingInfo()

            #if os(macOS)
                MPNowPlayingInfoCenter.default().playbackState = self.avPlayer.timeControlStatus == .playing ? .playing : .paused
            #endif

            if self.controls.isPlaying != self.isPlaying {
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self.controls.isPlaying = self.isPlaying
                }
            }

            if let currentTime = self.currentTime {
                self.model.handleSegments(at: currentTime)
            }

            #if !os(macOS)
                guard UIApplication.shared.applicationState != .background else {
                    print("not performing controls updates in background")
                    return
                }
            #endif

            if self.controlsUpdates {
                self.updateControls()
            }

            self.model.updateTime(self.currentTime!)
        }
    }

    private func addInfrequentTimeObserver() {
        let interval = CMTime.secondsInDefaultTimescale(5)

        infrequentTimeObserver = avPlayer.addPeriodicTimeObserver(
            forInterval: interval,
            queue: .main
        ) { [weak self] _ in
            guard let self else {
                return
            }

            guard !self.model.currentItem.isNil else {
                return
            }

            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
                self.model.updateWatch(time: self.currentTime)
            }
        }
    }

    private func addPlayerTimeControlStatusObserver() {
        playerTimeControlStatusObserver = avPlayer.observe(\.timeControlStatus) { [weak self] player, _ in
            guard let self,
                  self.avPlayer == player,
                  self.model.activeBackend == .appleAVPlayer
            else {
                return
            }

            let isPlaying = player.timeControlStatus == .playing

            if self.controls.isPlaying != isPlaying {
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    self.controls.isPlaying = player.timeControlStatus == .playing
                }
            }

            if player.timeControlStatus != .waitingToPlayAtSpecifiedRate {
                DispatchQueue.main.async { [weak self] in
                    self?.model.objectWillChange.send()
                }
            }

            if player.timeControlStatus == .playing {
                self.model.objectWillChange.send()

                if let rate = self.model.rateToRestore, player.rate != rate {
                    player.rate = rate
                    self.model.rateToRestore = nil
                }

                if player.rate > 0, player.rate != Float(self.model.currentRate) {
                    if self.model.avPlayerUsesSystemControls {
                        self.model.currentRate = Double(player.rate)
                    } else {
                        player.rate = Float(self.model.currentRate)
                    }
                }
            }

            #if os(macOS)
                if player.timeControlStatus == .playing {
                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.disable(reason: "Yattee is playing video")
                } else {
                    ScreenSaverManager.shared.enable()
                }
            #else
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    UIApplication.shared.isIdleTimerDisabled = self.model.presentingPlayer && self.isPlaying
                }
            #endif

            self.timeObserverThrottle.execute {
                self.model.updateWatch(time: self.currentTime)
            }
        }
    }

    func startControlsUpdates() {
        guard model.presentingPlayer, model.controls.presentingControls, !model.controls.presentingOverlays else {
            logger.info("ignored controls update start")
            return
        }
        logger.info("starting controls updates")
        controlsUpdates = true
        model.objectWillChange.send()
    }

    func stopControlsUpdates() {
        controlsUpdates = false
        model.objectWillChange.send()
    }

    func startMusicMode() {
        if model.playingInPictureInPicture {
            closePiP()
        }

        playerLayer.player = nil

        toggleVisualTracksEnabled(false)
    }

    func stopMusicMode() {
        playerLayer.player = avPlayer

        toggleVisualTracksEnabled(true)
    }

    func toggleVisualTracksEnabled(_ value: Bool) {
        if let item = avPlayer.currentItem {
            for playerItemTrack in item.tracks {
                if let assetTrack = playerItemTrack.assetTrack,
                   assetTrack.hasMediaCharacteristic(AVMediaCharacteristic.visual)
                {
                    playerItemTrack.isEnabled = value
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func didChangeTo() {
        if startPictureInPictureOnSwitch {
            tryStartingPictureInPicture()
        } else if model.musicMode {
            startMusicMode()
        } else {
            stopMusicMode()
        }

        #if os(iOS)
            if model.playingFullScreen {
                ControlOverlaysModel.shared.hide()
                model.navigation.presentingPlaybackSettings = false

                model.onPlayStream.append { _ in
                    self.controller.enterFullScreen(animated: true)
                }
            }
        #endif
    }

    var isStartingPiP: Bool {
        startPictureInPictureOnPlay || startPictureInPictureOnSwitch
    }

    func tryStartingPictureInPicture() {
        guard let controller = model.pipController else { return }

        var opened = false
        for delay in [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5] {
            Delay.by(delay) {
                guard !opened else { return }
                if controller.isPictureInPicturePossible {
                    opened = true
                    controller.startPictureInPicture()
                } else {
                    self.logger.info("PiP not possible, waited \(delay) seconds")
                }
            }
        }

        Delay.by(5) {
            self.startPictureInPictureOnSwitch = false
        }
    }

    func setPlayerInLayer(_ playerIsPresented: Bool) {
        if playerIsPresented {
            bindPlayerToLayer()
        } else {
            removePlayerFromLayer()
        }
    }

    func removePlayerFromLayer() {
        playerLayer.player = nil
        #if os(iOS)
            controller.player = nil
        #endif
    }

    func bindPlayerToLayer() {
        playerLayer.player = avPlayer
        #if os(iOS)
            controller.player = avPlayer
        #endif
    }

    func getTimeUpdates() {}
    func setNeedsDrawing(_: Bool) {}
    func setSize(_: Double, _: Double) {}
    func setNeedsNetworkStateUpdates(_: Bool) {}

    private func handleFileLoadError(error: Error?) {
        guard let stream = currentRetryStream, let video = currentRetryVideo else {
            // No stream info available, show error immediately
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                self.model.playerError = error
            }
            return
        }

        if retryCount < maxRetries {
            retryCount += 1
            let delay = TimeInterval(retryCount * 2) // 2, 4, 6 seconds

            logger.warning("File load failed. Retry attempt \(retryCount) of \(maxRetries) after \(delay) seconds...")

            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay) { [weak self] in
                guard let self else { return }
                self.logger.info("Retrying file load (attempt \(self.retryCount))...")
                self.playStream(stream, of: video, preservingTime: self.currentRetryPreservingTime, upgrading: self.currentRetryUpgrading)
            }
        } else {
            // All retries exhausted, show error
            logger.error("File load failed after \(maxRetries) retry attempts")
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                self.model.playerError = error
            }

            // Reset retry counter for next attempt
            resetRetryState()
        }
    }

    private func resetRetryState() {
        retryCount = 0
        currentRetryStream = nil
        currentRetryVideo = nil
        currentRetryPreservingTime = false
        currentRetryUpgrading = false
    }
}