diff --git a/docs/source/conf.py b/docs/source/conf.py
index 5554abf1..03e44d95 100644
--- a/docs/source/conf.py
+++ b/docs/source/conf.py
@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ todo_include_todos = True
 myst_heading_anchors = 3
 
 
-def setup(app):
+def setup(app):  # noqa: ANN201,ANN001
     # add copybutton to hide the >>> prompts, see https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/167
     app.add_js_file("copybutton.js")
diff --git a/kasa/__init__.py b/kasa/__init__.py
index a74cb4c4..ffeaa503 100755
--- a/kasa/__init__.py
+++ b/kasa/__init__.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ to be handled by the user of the library.
 """
 
 from importlib.metadata import version
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 from warnings import warn
 
 from kasa.credentials import Credentials
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ deprecated_classes = {
 }
 
 
-def __getattr__(name):
+def __getattr__(name: str) -> Any:
     if name in deprecated_names:
         warn(f"{name} is deprecated", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         return globals()[f"_deprecated_{name}"]
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def __getattr__(name):
         )
         return new_class
     if name in deprecated_classes:
-        new_class = deprecated_classes[name]
+        new_class = deprecated_classes[name]  # type: ignore[assignment]
         msg = f"{name} is deprecated, use {new_class.__name__} instead"
         warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         return new_class
diff --git a/kasa/aestransport.py b/kasa/aestransport.py
index ae75117c..fc807fb3 100644
--- a/kasa/aestransport.py
+++ b/kasa/aestransport.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class AesTransport(BaseTransport):
             pw = base64.b64encode(credentials.password.encode()).decode()
         return un, pw
 
-    def _handle_response_error_code(self, resp_dict: Any, msg: str) -> None:
+    def _handle_response_error_code(self, resp_dict: dict, msg: str) -> None:
         error_code_raw = resp_dict.get("error_code")
         try:
             error_code = SmartErrorCode.from_int(error_code_raw)
@@ -191,14 +191,14 @@ class AesTransport(BaseTransport):
                 + f"status code {status_code} to passthrough"
             )
 
-        self._handle_response_error_code(
-            resp_dict, "Error sending secure_passthrough message"
-        )
-
         if TYPE_CHECKING:
             resp_dict = cast(Dict[str, Any], resp_dict)
             assert self._encryption_session is not None
 
+        self._handle_response_error_code(
+            resp_dict, "Error sending secure_passthrough message"
+        )
+
         raw_response: str = resp_dict["result"]["response"]
 
         try:
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class AesTransport(BaseTransport):
                 ) from ex
         return ret_val  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
-    async def perform_login(self):
+    async def perform_login(self) -> None:
         """Login to the device."""
         try:
             await self.try_login(self._login_params)
@@ -324,11 +324,11 @@ class AesTransport(BaseTransport):
                 + f"status code {status_code} to handshake"
             )
 
-        self._handle_response_error_code(resp_dict, "Unable to complete handshake")
-
         if TYPE_CHECKING:
             resp_dict = cast(Dict[str, Any], resp_dict)
 
+        self._handle_response_error_code(resp_dict, "Unable to complete handshake")
+
         handshake_key = resp_dict["result"]["key"]
 
         if (
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class AesTransport(BaseTransport):
 
         _LOGGER.debug("Handshake with %s complete", self._host)
 
-    def _handshake_session_expired(self):
+    def _handshake_session_expired(self) -> bool:
         """Return true if session has expired."""
         return (
             self._session_expire_at is None
@@ -394,7 +394,9 @@ class AesEncyptionSession:
     """Class for an AES encryption session."""
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_from_keypair(handshake_key: str, keypair: KeyPair):
+    def create_from_keypair(
+        handshake_key: str, keypair: KeyPair
+    ) -> AesEncyptionSession:
         """Create the encryption session."""
         handshake_key_bytes: bytes = base64.b64decode(handshake_key.encode())
 
@@ -404,11 +406,11 @@ class AesEncyptionSession:
 
         return AesEncyptionSession(key_and_iv[:16], key_and_iv[16:])
 
-    def __init__(self, key, iv):
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes, iv: bytes) -> None:
         self.cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(key), modes.CBC(iv))
         self.padding_strategy = padding.PKCS7(algorithms.AES.block_size)
 
-    def encrypt(self, data) -> bytes:
+    def encrypt(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
         """Encrypt the message."""
         encryptor = self.cipher.encryptor()
         padder = self.padding_strategy.padder()
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ class AesEncyptionSession:
         encrypted = encryptor.update(padded_data) + encryptor.finalize()
         return base64.b64encode(encrypted)
 
-    def decrypt(self, data) -> str:
+    def decrypt(self, data: str | bytes) -> str:
         """Decrypt the message."""
         decryptor = self.cipher.decryptor()
         unpadder = self.padding_strategy.unpadder()
@@ -429,14 +431,16 @@ class KeyPair:
     """Class for generating key pairs."""
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_key_pair(key_size: int = 1024):
+    def create_key_pair(key_size: int = 1024) -> KeyPair:
         """Create a key pair."""
         private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent=65537, key_size=key_size)
         public_key = private_key.public_key()
         return KeyPair(private_key, public_key)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_from_der_keys(private_key_der_b64: str, public_key_der_b64: str):
+    def create_from_der_keys(
+        private_key_der_b64: str, public_key_der_b64: str
+    ) -> KeyPair:
         """Create a key pair."""
         key_bytes = base64.b64decode(private_key_der_b64.encode())
         private_key = cast(
@@ -449,7 +453,9 @@ class KeyPair:
 
         return KeyPair(private_key, public_key)
 
-    def __init__(self, private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey, public_key: rsa.RSAPublicKey):
+    def __init__(
+        self, private_key: rsa.RSAPrivateKey, public_key: rsa.RSAPublicKey
+    ) -> None:
         self.private_key = private_key
         self.public_key = public_key
         self.private_key_der_bytes = self.private_key.private_bytes(
diff --git a/kasa/cli/common.py b/kasa/cli/common.py
index fbd6291b..fe7be761 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/common.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/common.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import re
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import singledispatch, update_wrapper, wraps
-from typing import Final
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Final
 
 import asyncclick as click
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ except ImportError:
         """Strip rich formatting from messages."""
 
         @wraps(echo_func)
-        def wrapper(message=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        def wrapper(message=None, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
             if message is not None:
                 message = rich_formatting.sub("", message)
             echo_func(message, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -47,20 +47,20 @@ except ImportError:
     _echo = _strip_rich_formatting(click.echo)
 
 
-def echo(*args, **kwargs):
+def echo(*args, **kwargs) -> None:
     """Print a message."""
     ctx = click.get_current_context().find_root()
     if "json" not in ctx.params or ctx.params["json"] is False:
         _echo(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-def error(msg: str):
+def error(msg: str) -> None:
     """Print an error and exit."""
     echo(f"[bold red]{msg}[/bold red]")
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
-def json_formatter_cb(result, **kwargs):
+def json_formatter_cb(result: Any, **kwargs) -> None:
     """Format and output the result as JSON, if requested."""
     if not kwargs.get("json"):
         return
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def json_formatter_cb(result, **kwargs):
     print(json_content)
 
 
-def pass_dev_or_child(wrapped_function):
+def pass_dev_or_child(wrapped_function: Callable) -> Callable:
     """Pass the device or child to the click command based on the child options."""
     child_help = (
         "Child ID or alias for controlling sub-devices. "
@@ -133,7 +133,10 @@ def pass_dev_or_child(wrapped_function):
 
 
 async def _get_child_device(
-    device: Device, child_option, child_index_option, info_command
+    device: Device,
+    child_option: str | None,
+    child_index_option: int | None,
+    info_command: str | None,
 ) -> Device | None:
     def _list_children():
         return "\n".join(
@@ -178,11 +181,15 @@ async def _get_child_device(
                 f"{child_option} children are:\n{_list_children()}"
             )
 
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        assert isinstance(child_index_option, int)
+
     if child_index_option + 1 > len(device.children) or child_index_option < 0:
         error(
             f"Invalid index {child_index_option}, "
             f"device has {len(device.children)} children"
         )
+
     child_by_index = device.children[child_index_option]
     echo(f"Targeting child device {child_by_index.alias}")
     return child_by_index
@@ -195,7 +202,7 @@ def CatchAllExceptions(cls):
     https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52213375
     """
 
-    def _handle_exception(debug, exc):
+    def _handle_exception(debug, exc) -> None:
         if isinstance(exc, click.ClickException):
             raise
         # Handle exit request from click.
diff --git a/kasa/cli/device.py b/kasa/cli/device.py
index 9814108c..2e621368 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/device.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/device.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from .common import (
 
 @click.group()
 @pass_dev_or_child
-def device(dev):
+def device(dev) -> None:
     """Commands to control basic device settings."""
 
 
diff --git a/kasa/cli/discover.py b/kasa/cli/discover.py
index 6a55cb43..8df59de8 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/discover.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/discover.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ async def detail(ctx):
     auth_failed = []
     sem = asyncio.Semaphore()
 
-    async def print_unsupported(unsupported_exception: UnsupportedDeviceError):
+    async def print_unsupported(unsupported_exception: UnsupportedDeviceError) -> None:
         unsupported.append(unsupported_exception)
         async with sem:
             if unsupported_exception.discovery_result:
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async def detail(ctx):
 
     from .device import state
 
-    async def print_discovered(dev: Device):
+    async def print_discovered(dev: Device) -> None:
         async with sem:
             try:
                 await dev.update()
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ async def config(ctx):
         error(f"Unable to connect to {host}")
 
 
-def _echo_dictionary(discovery_info: dict):
+def _echo_dictionary(discovery_info: dict) -> None:
     echo("\t[bold]== Discovery information ==[/bold]")
     for key, value in discovery_info.items():
         key_name = " ".join(x.capitalize() or "_" for x in key.split("_"))
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ def _echo_dictionary(discovery_info: dict):
         echo(f"\t{key_name_and_spaces}{value}")
 
 
-def _echo_discovery_info(discovery_info):
+def _echo_discovery_info(discovery_info) -> None:
     # We don't have discovery info when all connection params are passed manually
     if discovery_info is None:
         return
diff --git a/kasa/cli/feature.py b/kasa/cli/feature.py
index f8cba4e3..2c5fa045 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/feature.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/feature.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def _echo_features(
     category: Feature.Category | None = None,
     verbose: bool = False,
     indent: str = "\t",
-):
+) -> None:
     """Print out a listing of features and their values."""
     if category is not None:
         features = {
@@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ def _echo_features(
             echo(f"{indent}{feat.name} ({feat.id}): [red]got exception ({ex})[/red]")
 
 
-def _echo_all_features(features, *, verbose=False, title_prefix=None, indent=""):
+def _echo_all_features(
+    features, *, verbose=False, title_prefix=None, indent=""
+) -> None:
     """Print out all features by category."""
     if title_prefix is not None:
         echo(f"[bold]\n{indent}== {title_prefix} ==[/bold]")
diff --git a/kasa/cli/lazygroup.py b/kasa/cli/lazygroup.py
index 9e9724aa..a2858634 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/lazygroup.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/lazygroup.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 Taken from the click help files.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import importlib
 
 import asyncclick as click
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ import asyncclick as click
 class LazyGroup(click.Group):
     """Lazy group class."""
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, lazy_subcommands=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args, lazy_subcommands=None, **kwargs) -> None:
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         # lazy_subcommands is a map of the form:
         #
@@ -31,9 +33,9 @@ class LazyGroup(click.Group):
             return self._lazy_load(cmd_name)
         return super().get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
 
-    def format_commands(self, ctx, formatter):
+    def format_commands(self, ctx, formatter) -> None:
         """Format the top level help output."""
-        sections = {}
+        sections: dict[str, list] = {}
         for cmd, parent in self.lazy_subcommands.items():
             sections.setdefault(parent, [])
             cmd_obj = self.get_command(ctx, cmd)
diff --git a/kasa/cli/light.py b/kasa/cli/light.py
index d9feee78..6b342c3d 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/light.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/light.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from .common import echo, error, pass_dev_or_child
 
 @click.group()
 @pass_dev_or_child
-def light(dev):
+def light(dev) -> None:
     """Commands to control light settings."""
 
 
diff --git a/kasa/cli/main.py b/kasa/cli/main.py
index a386fe4b..d6b9fa9d 100755
--- a/kasa/cli/main.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/main.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ENCRYPT_TYPES = [encrypt_type.value for encrypt_type in DeviceEncryptionType]
 DEFAULT_TARGET = "255.255.255.255"
 
 
-def _legacy_type_to_class(_type):
+def _legacy_type_to_class(_type: str) -> Any:
     from kasa.iot import (
         IotBulb,
         IotDimmer,
@@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ async def cli(
 
 @cli.command()
 @pass_dev_or_child
-async def shell(dev: Device):
+async def shell(dev: Device) -> None:
     """Open interactive shell."""
-    echo("Opening shell for %s" % dev)
+    echo(f"Opening shell for {dev}")
     from ptpython.repl import embed
 
     logging.getLogger("parso").setLevel(logging.WARNING)  # prompt parsing
diff --git a/kasa/cli/schedule.py b/kasa/cli/schedule.py
index 8deda315..7c9c7381 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/schedule.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/schedule.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from .common import (
 
 @click.group()
 @pass_dev
-async def schedule(dev):
+async def schedule(dev) -> None:
     """Scheduling commands."""
 
 
diff --git a/kasa/cli/time.py b/kasa/cli/time.py
index 904da2ca..9e930108 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/time.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/time.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from .common import (
 
 @click.group(invoke_without_command=True)
 @click.pass_context
-async def time(ctx: click.Context):
+async def time(ctx: click.Context) -> None:
     """Get and set time."""
     if ctx.invoked_subcommand is None:
         await ctx.invoke(time_get)
diff --git a/kasa/cli/usage.py b/kasa/cli/usage.py
index 1a336c74..314182fd 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/usage.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/usage.py
@@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ async def energy(dev: Device, year, month, erase):
         else:
             emeter_status = dev.emeter_realtime
 
-        echo("Current: %s A" % emeter_status["current"])
-        echo("Voltage: %s V" % emeter_status["voltage"])
-        echo("Power: %s W" % emeter_status["power"])
-        echo("Total consumption: %s kWh" % emeter_status["total"])
+        echo("Current: {} A".format(emeter_status["current"]))
+        echo("Voltage: {} V".format(emeter_status["voltage"]))
+        echo("Power: {} W".format(emeter_status["power"]))
+        echo("Total consumption: {} kWh".format(emeter_status["total"]))
 
-        echo("Today: %s kWh" % dev.emeter_today)
-        echo("This month: %s kWh" % dev.emeter_this_month)
+        echo(f"Today: {dev.emeter_today} kWh")
+        echo(f"This month: {dev.emeter_this_month} kWh")
 
         return emeter_status
 
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ async def usage(dev: Device, year, month, erase):
         usage_data = await usage.get_daystat(year=month.year, month=month.month)
     else:
         # Call with no argument outputs summary data and returns
-        echo("Today: %s minutes" % usage.usage_today)
-        echo("This month: %s minutes" % usage.usage_this_month)
+        echo(f"Today: {usage.usage_today} minutes")
+        echo(f"This month: {usage.usage_this_month} minutes")
 
         return usage
 
diff --git a/kasa/cli/wifi.py b/kasa/cli/wifi.py
index 07fb5f20..924e83f1 100644
--- a/kasa/cli/wifi.py
+++ b/kasa/cli/wifi.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from .common import (
 
 @click.group()
 @pass_dev
-def wifi(dev):
+def wifi(dev) -> None:
     """Commands to control wifi settings."""
 
 
diff --git a/kasa/device.py b/kasa/device.py
index fb9b9f0c..72c56717 100644
--- a/kasa/device.py
+++ b/kasa/device.py
@@ -234,10 +234,10 @@ class Device(ABC):
         return await connect(host=host, config=config)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Update the device."""
 
-    async def disconnect(self):
+    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
         """Disconnect and close any underlying connection resources."""
         await self.protocol.close()
 
@@ -257,15 +257,15 @@ class Device(ABC):
         return not self.is_on
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> dict | None:
+    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn on the device."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> dict | None:
+    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn off the device."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_state(self, on: bool):
+    async def set_state(self, on: bool) -> dict:
         """Set the device state to *on*.
 
         This allows turning the device on and off.
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
         return self.protocol._transport._host
 
     @host.setter
-    def host(self, value):
+    def host(self, value: str) -> None:
         """Set the device host.
 
         Generally used by discovery to set the hostname after ip discovery.
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
         return self._device_type
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def update_from_discover_info(self, info):
+    def update_from_discover_info(self, info: dict) -> None:
         """Update state from info from the discover call."""
 
     @property
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
     def alias(self) -> str | None:
         """Returns the device alias or nickname."""
 
-    async def _raw_query(self, request: str | dict) -> Any:
+    async def _raw_query(self, request: str | dict) -> dict:
         """Send a raw query to the device."""
         return await self.protocol.query(request=request)
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def internal_state(self) -> Any:
+    def internal_state(self) -> dict:
         """Return all the internal state data."""
 
     @property
@@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ class Device(ABC):
         """Return the list of supported features."""
         return self._features
 
-    def _add_feature(self, feature: Feature):
+    def _add_feature(self, feature: Feature) -> None:
         """Add a new feature to the device."""
         if feature.id in self._features:
-            raise KasaException("Duplicate feature id %s" % feature.id)
+            raise KasaException(f"Duplicate feature id {feature.id}")
         assert feature.id is not None  # TODO: hack for typing # noqa: S101
         self._features[feature.id] = feature
 
@@ -446,11 +446,13 @@ class Device(ABC):
         """Scan for available wifi networks."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def wifi_join(self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "wpa2_psk"):
+    async def wifi_join(
+        self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "wpa2_psk"
+    ) -> dict:
         """Join the given wifi network."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_alias(self, alias: str):
+    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> dict:
         """Set the device name (alias)."""
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -468,7 +470,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
         Note, this does not downgrade the firmware.
         """
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         update_needed = " - update() needed" if not self._last_update else ""
         return (
             f"<{self.device_type} at {self.host} -"
@@ -486,7 +488,9 @@ class Device(ABC):
         "is_strip_socket": (None, DeviceType.StripSocket),
     }
 
-    def _get_replacing_attr(self, module_name: ModuleName, *attrs):
+    def _get_replacing_attr(
+        self, module_name: ModuleName | None, *attrs: Any
+    ) -> str | None:
         # If module name is None check self
         if not module_name:
             check = self
@@ -540,7 +544,7 @@ class Device(ABC):
         "supported_modules": (None, ["modules"]),
     }
 
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
         # is_device_type
         if dep_device_type_attr := self._deprecated_device_type_attributes.get(name):
             module = dep_device_type_attr[0]
diff --git a/kasa/device_factory.py b/kasa/device_factory.py
index 7f2150d7..0c1ed427 100755
--- a/kasa/device_factory.py
+++ b/kasa/device_factory.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ async def _connect(config: DeviceConfig, protocol: BaseProtocol) -> Device:
     if debug_enabled:
         start_time = time.perf_counter()
 
-    def _perf_log(has_params, perf_type):
+    def _perf_log(has_params: bool, perf_type: str) -> None:
         nonlocal start_time
         if debug_enabled:
             end_time = time.perf_counter()
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def _get_device_type_from_sys_info(info: dict[str, Any]) -> DeviceType:
             return DeviceType.LightStrip
 
         return DeviceType.Bulb
-    raise UnsupportedDeviceError("Unknown device type: %s" % type_)
+    raise UnsupportedDeviceError(f"Unknown device type: {type_}")
 
 
 def get_device_class_from_sys_info(sysinfo: dict[str, Any]) -> type[IotDevice]:
diff --git a/kasa/deviceconfig.py b/kasa/deviceconfig.py
index e0fd1725..f4a5f2a3 100644
--- a/kasa/deviceconfig.py
+++ b/kasa/deviceconfig.py
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ class DeviceFamily(Enum):
     SmartIpCamera = "SMART.IPCAMERA"
 
 
-def _dataclass_from_dict(klass, in_val):
+def _dataclass_from_dict(klass: Any, in_val: dict) -> Any:
     if is_dataclass(klass):
         fieldtypes = {f.name: f.type for f in fields(klass)}
         val = {}
         for dict_key in in_val:
             if dict_key in fieldtypes:
                 if hasattr(fieldtypes[dict_key], "from_dict"):
-                    val[dict_key] = fieldtypes[dict_key].from_dict(in_val[dict_key])
+                    val[dict_key] = fieldtypes[dict_key].from_dict(in_val[dict_key])  # type: ignore[union-attr]
                 else:
                     val[dict_key] = _dataclass_from_dict(
                         fieldtypes[dict_key], in_val[dict_key]
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ def _dataclass_from_dict(klass, in_val):
                 raise KasaException(
                     f"Cannot create dataclass from dict, unknown key: {dict_key}"
                 )
-        return klass(**val)
+        return klass(**val)  # type: ignore[operator]
     else:
         return in_val
 
 
-def _dataclass_to_dict(in_val):
+def _dataclass_to_dict(in_val: Any) -> dict:
     fieldtypes = {f.name: f.type for f in fields(in_val) if f.compare}
     out_val = {}
     for field_name in fieldtypes:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class DeviceConfig:
 
     aes_keys: Optional[KeyPairDict] = None
 
-    def __post_init__(self):
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         if self.connection_type is None:
             self.connection_type = DeviceConnectionParameters(
                 DeviceFamily.IotSmartPlugSwitch, DeviceEncryptionType.Xor
diff --git a/kasa/discover.py b/kasa/discover.py
index a774ebde..efb1e5e4 100755
--- a/kasa/discover.py
+++ b/kasa/discover.py
@@ -89,9 +89,19 @@ import logging
 import secrets
 import socket
 import struct
-from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from asyncio.transports import DatagramTransport
 from pprint import pformat as pf
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, NamedTuple, Optional, Type, cast
+from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Coroutine,
+    Dict,
+    NamedTuple,
+    Optional,
+    Type,
+    cast,
+)
 
 from aiohttp import ClientSession
 
@@ -140,8 +150,8 @@ class ConnectAttempt(NamedTuple):
     device: type
 
 
-OnDiscoveredCallable = Callable[[Device], Awaitable[None]]
-OnUnsupportedCallable = Callable[[UnsupportedDeviceError], Awaitable[None]]
+OnDiscoveredCallable = Callable[[Device], Coroutine]
+OnUnsupportedCallable = Callable[[UnsupportedDeviceError], Coroutine]
 OnConnectAttemptCallable = Callable[[ConnectAttempt, bool], None]
 DeviceDict = Dict[str, Device]
 
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ class _AesDiscoveryQuery:
     keypair: KeyPair | None = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def generate_query(cls):
+    def generate_query(cls) -> bytearray:
         if not cls.keypair:
             cls.keypair = KeyPair.create_key_pair(key_size=2048)
         secret = secrets.token_bytes(4)
@@ -215,7 +225,7 @@ class _DiscoverProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
         credentials: Credentials | None = None,
         timeout: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        self.transport = None
+        self.transport: DatagramTransport | None = None
         self.discovery_packets = discovery_packets
         self.interface = interface
         self.on_discovered = on_discovered
@@ -239,16 +249,19 @@ class _DiscoverProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
         self.target_discovered: bool = False
         self._started_event = asyncio.Event()
 
-    def _run_callback_task(self, coro):
-        task = asyncio.create_task(coro)
+    def _run_callback_task(self, coro: Coroutine) -> None:
+        task: asyncio.Task = asyncio.create_task(coro)
         self.callback_tasks.append(task)
 
-    async def wait_for_discovery_to_complete(self):
+    async def wait_for_discovery_to_complete(self) -> None:
         """Wait for the discovery task to complete."""
         # Give some time for connection_made event to be received
         async with asyncio_timeout(self.DISCOVERY_START_TIMEOUT):
             await self._started_event.wait()
         try:
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                assert isinstance(self.discover_task, asyncio.Task)
+
             await self.discover_task
         except asyncio.CancelledError:
             # if target_discovered then cancel was called internally
@@ -257,11 +270,11 @@ class _DiscoverProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
         # Wait for any pending callbacks to complete
         await asyncio.gather(*self.callback_tasks)
 
-    def connection_made(self, transport) -> None:
+    def connection_made(self, transport: DatagramTransport) -> None:  # type: ignore[override]
         """Set socket options for broadcasting."""
-        self.transport = transport
+        self.transport = cast(DatagramTransport, transport)
 
-        sock = transport.get_extra_info("socket")
+        sock = self.transport.get_extra_info("socket")
         sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
         try:
             sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
@@ -292,7 +305,11 @@ class _DiscoverProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
             self.transport.sendto(aes_discovery_query, self.target_2)  # type: ignore
             await asyncio.sleep(sleep_between_packets)
 
-    def datagram_received(self, data, addr) -> None:
+    def datagram_received(
+        self,
+        data: bytes,
+        addr: tuple[str, int],
+    ) -> None:
         """Handle discovery responses."""
         if TYPE_CHECKING:
             assert _AesDiscoveryQuery.keypair
@@ -338,18 +355,18 @@ class _DiscoverProtocol(asyncio.DatagramProtocol):
 
         self._handle_discovered_event()
 
-    def _handle_discovered_event(self):
+    def _handle_discovered_event(self) -> None:
         """If target is in seen_hosts cancel discover_task."""
         if self.target in self.seen_hosts:
             self.target_discovered = True
             if self.discover_task:
                 self.discover_task.cancel()
 
-    def error_received(self, ex):
+    def error_received(self, ex: Exception) -> None:
         """Handle asyncio.Protocol errors."""
         _LOGGER.error("Got error: %s", ex)
 
-    def connection_lost(self, ex):  # pragma: no cover
+    def connection_lost(self, ex: Exception | None) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
         """Cancel the discover task if running."""
         if self.discover_task:
             self.discover_task.cancel()
@@ -372,17 +389,17 @@ class Discover:
     @staticmethod
     async def discover(
         *,
-        target="255.255.255.255",
-        on_discovered=None,
-        discovery_timeout=5,
-        discovery_packets=3,
-        interface=None,
-        on_unsupported=None,
-        credentials=None,
+        target: str = "255.255.255.255",
+        on_discovered: OnDiscoveredCallable | None = None,
+        discovery_timeout: int = 5,
+        discovery_packets: int = 3,
+        interface: str | None = None,
+        on_unsupported: OnUnsupportedCallable | None = None,
+        credentials: Credentials | None = None,
         username: str | None = None,
         password: str | None = None,
-        port=None,
-        timeout=None,
+        port: int | None = None,
+        timeout: int | None = None,
     ) -> DeviceDict:
         """Discover supported devices.
 
@@ -636,7 +653,7 @@ class Discover:
             )
             if not dev_class:
                 raise UnsupportedDeviceError(
-                    "Unknown device type: %s" % discovery_result.device_type,
+                    f"Unknown device type: {discovery_result.device_type}",
                     discovery_result=info,
                 )
             return dev_class
diff --git a/kasa/emeterstatus.py b/kasa/emeterstatus.py
index 0112b33a..acb87789 100644
--- a/kasa/emeterstatus.py
+++ b/kasa/emeterstatus.py
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ class EmeterStatus(dict):
         except ValueError:
             return None
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f"<EmeterStatus power={self.power} voltage={self.voltage}"
             f" current={self.current} total={self.total}>"
         )
 
-    def __getitem__(self, item):
+    def __getitem__(self, item: str) -> float | None:
         """Return value in wanted units."""
         valid_keys = [
             "voltage_mv",
diff --git a/kasa/exceptions.py b/kasa/exceptions.py
index b646e514..7bc79653 100644
--- a/kasa/exceptions.py
+++ b/kasa/exceptions.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ class KasaException(Exception):
 class TimeoutError(KasaException, _asyncioTimeoutError):
     """Timeout exception for device errors."""
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return KasaException.__repr__(self)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return KasaException.__str__(self)
 
 
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class DeviceError(KasaException):
         self.error_code: SmartErrorCode | None = kwargs.get("error_code", None)
         super().__init__(*args)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         err_code = self.error_code.__repr__() if self.error_code else ""
         return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({err_code})"
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         err_code = f" (error_code={self.error_code.name})" if self.error_code else ""
         return super().__str__() + err_code
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class _RetryableError(DeviceError):
 class SmartErrorCode(IntEnum):
     """Enum for SMART Error Codes."""
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.name}({self.value})"
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/kasa/experimental/__init__.py b/kasa/experimental/__init__.py
index 388c5736..a866787e 100644
--- a/kasa/experimental/__init__.py
+++ b/kasa/experimental/__init__.py
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ class Experimental:
     ENV_VAR = "KASA_EXPERIMENTAL"
 
     @classmethod
-    def set_enabled(cls, enabled):
+    def set_enabled(cls, enabled: bool) -> None:
         """Set the enabled value."""
         cls._enabled = enabled
 
     @classmethod
-    def enabled(cls):
+    def enabled(cls) -> bool:
         """Get the enabled value."""
         if cls._enabled is not None:
             return cls._enabled
diff --git a/kasa/experimental/smartcameraprotocol.py b/kasa/experimental/smartcameraprotocol.py
index b298fbd2..38530b16 100644
--- a/kasa/experimental/smartcameraprotocol.py
+++ b/kasa/experimental/smartcameraprotocol.py
@@ -50,11 +50,13 @@ class SmartCameraProtocol(SmartProtocol):
     """Class for SmartCamera Protocol."""
 
     async def _handle_response_lists(
-        self, response_result: dict[str, Any], method, retry_count
-    ):
+        self, response_result: dict[str, Any], method: str, retry_count: int
+    ) -> None:
         pass
 
-    def _handle_response_error_code(self, resp_dict: dict, method, raise_on_error=True):
+    def _handle_response_error_code(
+        self, resp_dict: dict, method: str, raise_on_error: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
         error_code_raw = resp_dict.get("error_code")
         try:
             error_code = SmartErrorCode.from_int(error_code_raw)
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ class _ChildCameraProtocolWrapper(SmartProtocol):
     device responses before returning to the caller.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, device_id: str, base_protocol: SmartProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, device_id: str, base_protocol: SmartProtocol) -> None:
         self._device_id = device_id
         self._protocol = base_protocol
         self._transport = base_protocol._transport
diff --git a/kasa/experimental/sslaestransport.py b/kasa/experimental/sslaestransport.py
index 68420f89..f188f144 100644
--- a/kasa/experimental/sslaestransport.py
+++ b/kasa/experimental/sslaestransport.py
@@ -256,7 +256,9 @@ class SslAesTransport(BaseTransport):
         return ret_val  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def generate_confirm_hash(local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash):
+    def generate_confirm_hash(
+        local_nonce: str, server_nonce: str, pwd_hash: str
+    ) -> str:
         """Generate an auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         expected_confirm_bytes = _sha256_hash(
             local_nonce.encode() + pwd_hash.encode() + server_nonce.encode()
@@ -264,7 +266,9 @@ class SslAesTransport(BaseTransport):
         return expected_confirm_bytes + server_nonce + local_nonce
 
     @staticmethod
-    def generate_digest_password(local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash):
+    def generate_digest_password(
+        local_nonce: str, server_nonce: str, pwd_hash: str
+    ) -> str:
         """Generate an auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         digest_password_hash = _sha256_hash(
             pwd_hash.encode() + local_nonce.encode() + server_nonce.encode()
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ class SslAesTransport(BaseTransport):
 
     @staticmethod
     def generate_encryption_token(
-        token_type, local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash
+        token_type: str, local_nonce: str, server_nonce: str, pwd_hash: str
     ) -> bytes:
         """Generate encryption token."""
         hashedKey = _sha256_hash(
@@ -302,7 +306,9 @@ class SslAesTransport(BaseTransport):
         local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash = await self.perform_handshake1()
         await self.perform_handshake2(local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash)
 
-    async def perform_handshake2(self, local_nonce, server_nonce, pwd_hash) -> None:
+    async def perform_handshake2(
+        self, local_nonce: str, server_nonce: str, pwd_hash: str
+    ) -> None:
         """Perform the handshake."""
         _LOGGER.debug("Performing handshake2 ...")
         digest_password = self.generate_digest_password(
diff --git a/kasa/feature.py b/kasa/feature.py
index e20a926d..e61cba07 100644
--- a/kasa/feature.py
+++ b/kasa/feature.py
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class Feature:
     #: If set, this property will be used to get *choices*.
     choices_getter: str | Callable[[], list[str]] | None = None
 
-    def __post_init__(self):
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         """Handle late-binding of members."""
         # Populate minimum & maximum values, if range_getter is given
         self._container = self.container if self.container is not None else self.device
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class Feature:
                     f"Read-only feat defines attribute_setter: {self.name} ({self.id}):"
                 )
 
-    def _get_property_value(self, getter):
+    def _get_property_value(self, getter: str | Callable | None) -> Any:
         if getter is None:
             return None
         if isinstance(getter, str):
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class Feature:
         return 0
 
     @property
-    def value(self):
+    def value(self) -> int | float | bool | str | Enum | None:
         """Return the current value."""
         if self.type == Feature.Type.Action:
             return "<Action>"
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class Feature:
 
         return await getattr(container, self.attribute_setter)(value)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         try:
             value = self.value
             choices = self.choices
@@ -286,8 +286,8 @@ class Feature:
             value = " ".join(
                 [f"*{choice}*" if choice == value else choice for choice in choices]
             )
-        if self.precision_hint is not None and value is not None:
-            value = round(self.value, self.precision_hint)
+        if self.precision_hint is not None and isinstance(value, float):
+            value = round(value, self.precision_hint)
 
         s = f"{self.name} ({self.id}): {value}"
         if self.unit is not None:
diff --git a/kasa/httpclient.py b/kasa/httpclient.py
index 6b8e234c..8b69df52 100644
--- a/kasa/httpclient.py
+++ b/kasa/httpclient.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 import logging
+import ssl
 import time
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ class HttpClient:
         json: dict | Any | None = None,
         headers: dict[str, str] | None = None,
         cookies_dict: dict[str, str] | None = None,
-        ssl=False,
+        ssl: ssl.SSLContext | bool = False,
     ) -> tuple[int, dict | bytes | None]:
         """Send an http post request to the device.
 
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/energy.py b/kasa/interfaces/energy.py
index 4e040e6f..7092788e 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/energy.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/energy.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from enum import IntFlag, auto
+from typing import Any
 from warnings import warn
 
 from ..emeterstatus import EmeterStatus
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class Energy(Module, ABC):
         """Return True if module supports the feature."""
         return module_feature in self._supported
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         device = self._device
         self._add_feature(
@@ -151,22 +152,26 @@ class Energy(Module, ABC):
         """Get the current voltage in V."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_status(self):
+    async def get_status(self) -> EmeterStatus:
         """Return real-time statistics."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def erase_stats(self):
+    async def erase_stats(self) -> dict:
         """Erase all stats."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_daily_stats(self, *, year=None, month=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_daily_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, month: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return daily stats for the given year & month.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {day: energy, ...}.
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def get_monthly_stats(self, *, year=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_monthly_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return monthly stats for the given year."""
 
     _deprecated_attributes = {
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ class Energy(Module, ABC):
         "get_monthstat": "get_monthly_stats",
     }
 
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
         if attr := self._deprecated_attributes.get(name):
             msg = f"{name} is deprecated, use {attr} instead"
             warn(msg, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/fan.py b/kasa/interfaces/fan.py
index 89d8d82b..ade00928 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/fan.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/fan.py
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ class Fan(Module, ABC):
         """Return fan speed level."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_fan_speed_level(self, level: int):
+    async def set_fan_speed_level(self, level: int) -> dict:
         """Set fan speed level."""
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/led.py b/kasa/interfaces/led.py
index 2ddba00c..2d34597b 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/led.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/led.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ from ..module import Module
 class Led(Module, ABC):
     """Base interface to represent a LED module."""
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         device = self._device
         self._add_feature(
@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ class Led(Module, ABC):
         """Return current led status."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_led(self, enable: bool) -> None:
+    async def set_led(self, enable: bool) -> dict:
         """Set led."""
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/light.py b/kasa/interfaces/light.py
index 5d206d1a..298ad1f8 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/light.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/light.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class Light(Module, ABC):
 
     @abstractmethod
     async def set_color_temp(
-        self, temp: int, *, brightness=None, transition: int | None = None
+        self, temp: int, *, brightness: int | None = None, transition: int | None = None
     ) -> dict:
         """Set the color temperature of the device in kelvin.
 
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/lighteffect.py b/kasa/interfaces/lighteffect.py
index e4efa2c2..9a69f2d0 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/lighteffect.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/lighteffect.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class LightEffect(Module, ABC):
 
     LIGHT_EFFECTS_OFF = "Off"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         device = self._device
         self._add_feature(
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class LightEffect(Module, ABC):
         *,
         brightness: int | None = None,
         transition: int | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set an effect on the device.
 
         If brightness or transition is defined,
@@ -110,10 +110,11 @@ class LightEffect(Module, ABC):
         :param int transition: The wanted transition time
         """
 
+    @abstractmethod
     async def set_custom_effect(
         self,
         effect_dict: dict,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a custom effect on the device.
 
         :param str effect_dict: The custom effect dict to set
diff --git a/kasa/interfaces/lightpreset.py b/kasa/interfaces/lightpreset.py
index fc292419..586671e7 100644
--- a/kasa/interfaces/lightpreset.py
+++ b/kasa/interfaces/lightpreset.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class LightPreset(Module):
 
     PRESET_NOT_SET = "Not set"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         device = self._device
         self._add_feature(
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class LightPreset(Module):
     async def set_preset(
         self,
         preset_name: str,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a light preset for the device."""
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class LightPreset(Module):
         self,
         preset_name: str,
         preset_info: LightState,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Update the preset with *preset_name* with the new *preset_info*."""
 
     @property
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotbulb.py b/kasa/iot/iotbulb.py
index 3302e80d..481a9da8 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/iotbulb.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotbulb.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class TurnOnBehavior(BaseModel):
     mode: BehaviorMode
 
     @root_validator
-    def _mode_based_on_preset(cls, values):
+    def _mode_based_on_preset(cls, values: dict) -> dict:
         """Set the mode based on the preset value."""
         if values["preset"] is not None:
             values["mode"] = BehaviorMode.Preset
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class IotBulb(IotDevice):
         super().__init__(host=host, config=config, protocol=protocol)
         self._device_type = DeviceType.Bulb
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules not added in init."""
         await super()._initialize_modules()
         self.add_module(
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ class IotBulb(IotDevice):
             await self._query_helper(self.LIGHT_SERVICE, "get_default_behavior")
         )
 
-    async def set_turn_on_behavior(self, behavior: TurnOnBehaviors):
+    async def set_turn_on_behavior(self, behavior: TurnOnBehaviors) -> dict:
         """Set the behavior for turning the bulb on.
 
         If you do not want to manually construct the behavior object,
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ class IotBulb(IotDevice):
 
     @requires_update
     async def _set_color_temp(
-        self, temp: int, *, brightness=None, transition: int | None = None
+        self, temp: int, *, brightness: int | None = None, transition: int | None = None
     ) -> dict:
         """Set the color temperature of the device in kelvin.
 
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class IotBulb(IotDevice):
 
         return await self._set_light_state(light_state, transition=transition)
 
-    def _raise_for_invalid_brightness(self, value):
+    def _raise_for_invalid_brightness(self, value: int) -> None:
         if not isinstance(value, int):
             raise TypeError("Brightness must be an integer")
         if not (0 <= value <= 100):
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ class IotBulb(IotDevice):
         """Return that the bulb has an emeter."""
         return True
 
-    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> None:
+    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> dict:
         """Set the device name (alias).
 
         Overridden to use a different module name.
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotdevice.py b/kasa/iot/iotdevice.py
index 69296823..4ee403db 100755
--- a/kasa/iot/iotdevice.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotdevice.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import inspect
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, tzinfo
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, cast
 from warnings import warn
 
 from ..device import Device, WifiNetwork
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ from .modules import Emeter
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def requires_update(f):
+def requires_update(f: Callable) -> Any:
     """Indicate that `update` should be called before accessing this method."""  # noqa: D202
     if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(f):
 
         @functools.wraps(f)
-        async def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        async def wrapped(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
             self = args[0]
             if self._last_update is None and f.__name__ not in self._sys_info:
                 raise KasaException("You need to await update() to access the data")
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ def requires_update(f):
     else:
 
         @functools.wraps(f)
-        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        def wrapped(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
             self = args[0]
             if self._last_update is None and f.__name__ not in self._sys_info:
                 raise KasaException("You need to await update() to access the data")
             return f(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    f.requires_update = True
+    f.requires_update = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
     return wrapped
 
 
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
             return cast(ModuleMapping[IotModule], self._supported_modules)
         return self._supported_modules
 
-    def add_module(self, name: str | ModuleName[Module], module: IotModule):
+    def add_module(self, name: str | ModuleName[Module], module: IotModule) -> None:
         """Register a module."""
         if name in self._modules:
             _LOGGER.debug("Module %s already registered, ignoring...", name)
@@ -207,8 +207,12 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         self._modules[name] = module
 
     def _create_request(
-        self, target: str, cmd: str, arg: dict | None = None, child_ids=None
-    ):
+        self,
+        target: str,
+        cmd: str,
+        arg: dict | None = None,
+        child_ids: list | None = None,
+    ) -> dict:
         if arg is None:
             arg = {}
         request: dict[str, Any] = {target: {cmd: arg}}
@@ -225,8 +229,12 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
             raise KasaException("update() required prior accessing emeter")
 
     async def _query_helper(
-        self, target: str, cmd: str, arg: dict | None = None, child_ids=None
-    ) -> Any:
+        self,
+        target: str,
+        cmd: str,
+        arg: dict | None = None,
+        child_ids: list | None = None,
+    ) -> dict:
         """Query device, return results or raise an exception.
 
         :param target: Target system {system, time, emeter, ..}
@@ -276,7 +284,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         """Retrieve system information."""
         return await self._query_helper("system", "get_sysinfo")
 
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Query the device to update the data.
 
         Needed for properties that are decorated with `requires_update`.
@@ -305,7 +313,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         if not self._features:
             await self._initialize_features()
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules not added in init."""
         if self.has_emeter:
             _LOGGER.debug(
@@ -313,7 +321,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
             )
             self.add_module(Module.Energy, Emeter(self, self.emeter_type))
 
-    async def _initialize_features(self):
+    async def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize common features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -364,7 +372,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
             )
         )
 
-        for module in self._supported_modules.values():
+        for module in self.modules.values():
             module._initialize_features()
             for module_feat in module._module_features.values():
                 self._add_feature(module_feat)
@@ -453,7 +461,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         sys_info = self._sys_info
         return sys_info.get("alias") if sys_info else None
 
-    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> None:
+    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> dict:
         """Set the device name (alias)."""
         return await self._query_helper("system", "set_dev_alias", {"alias": alias})
 
@@ -550,7 +558,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
 
         return mac
 
-    async def set_mac(self, mac):
+    async def set_mac(self, mac: str) -> dict:
         """Set the mac address.
 
         :param str mac: mac in hexadecimal with colons, e.g. 01:23:45:67:89:ab
@@ -576,7 +584,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         """Turn off the device."""
         raise NotImplementedError("Device subclass needs to implement this.")
 
-    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> dict | None:
+    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn device on."""
         raise NotImplementedError("Device subclass needs to implement this.")
 
@@ -586,7 +594,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
         """Return True if the device is on."""
         raise NotImplementedError("Device subclass needs to implement this.")
 
-    async def set_state(self, on: bool):
+    async def set_state(self, on: bool) -> dict:
         """Set the device state."""
         if on:
             return await self.turn_on()
@@ -627,7 +635,7 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
     async def wifi_scan(self) -> list[WifiNetwork]:  # noqa: D202
         """Scan for available wifi networks."""
 
-        async def _scan(target):
+        async def _scan(target: str) -> dict:
             return await self._query_helper(target, "get_scaninfo", {"refresh": 1})
 
         try:
@@ -639,17 +647,17 @@ class IotDevice(Device):
             info = await _scan("smartlife.iot.common.softaponboarding")
 
         if "ap_list" not in info:
-            raise KasaException("Invalid response for wifi scan: %s" % info)
+            raise KasaException(f"Invalid response for wifi scan: {info}")
 
         return [WifiNetwork(**x) for x in info["ap_list"]]
 
-    async def wifi_join(self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "3"):  # noqa: D202
+    async def wifi_join(self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "3") -> dict:  # noqa: D202
         """Join the given wifi network.
 
         If joining the network fails, the device will return to AP mode after a while.
         """
 
-        async def _join(target, payload):
+        async def _join(target: str, payload: dict) -> dict:
             return await self._query_helper(target, "set_stainfo", payload)
 
         payload = {"ssid": ssid, "password": password, "key_type": int(keytype)}
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotdimmer.py b/kasa/iot/iotdimmer.py
index 04510fe2..2cd8de44 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/iotdimmer.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotdimmer.py
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         super().__init__(host=host, config=config, protocol=protocol)
         self._device_type = DeviceType.Dimmer
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules."""
         await super()._initialize_modules()
         # TODO: need to be verified if it's okay to call these on HS220 w/o these
@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         return int(sys_info["brightness"])
 
     @requires_update
-    async def _set_brightness(self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None):
+    async def _set_brightness(
+        self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set the new dimmer brightness level in percentage.
 
         :param int transition: transition duration in milliseconds.
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
             self.DIMMER_SERVICE, "set_brightness", {"brightness": brightness}
         )
 
-    async def turn_off(self, *, transition: int | None = None, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_off(self, *, transition: int | None = None, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn the bulb off.
 
         :param int transition: transition duration in milliseconds.
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         return await super().turn_off()
 
     @requires_update
-    async def turn_on(self, *, transition: int | None = None, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_on(self, *, transition: int | None = None, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn the bulb on.
 
         :param int transition: transition duration in milliseconds.
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
 
         return await super().turn_on()
 
-    async def set_dimmer_transition(self, brightness: int, transition: int):
+    async def set_dimmer_transition(self, brightness: int, transition: int) -> dict:
         """Turn the bulb on to brightness percentage over transition milliseconds.
 
         A brightness value of 0 will turn off the dimmer.
@@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         if not isinstance(transition, int):
             raise TypeError(f"Transition must be integer, not of {type(transition)}.")
         if transition <= 0:
-            raise ValueError("Transition value %s is not valid." % transition)
+            raise ValueError(f"Transition value {transition} is not valid.")
 
         return await self._query_helper(
             self.DIMMER_SERVICE,
@@ -185,7 +187,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         )
 
     @requires_update
-    async def get_behaviors(self):
+    async def get_behaviors(self) -> dict:
         """Return button behavior settings."""
         behaviors = await self._query_helper(
             self.DIMMER_SERVICE, "get_default_behavior", {}
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
     @requires_update
     async def set_button_action(
         self, action_type: ActionType, action: ButtonAction, index: int | None = None
-    ):
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set action to perform on button click/hold.
 
         :param action_type ActionType: whether to control double click or hold action.
@@ -209,15 +211,17 @@ class IotDimmer(IotPlug):
         if index is not None:
             payload["index"] = index
 
-        await self._query_helper(self.DIMMER_SERVICE, action_type_setter, payload)
+        return await self._query_helper(
+            self.DIMMER_SERVICE, action_type_setter, payload
+        )
 
     @requires_update
-    async def set_fade_time(self, fade_type: FadeType, time: int):
+    async def set_fade_time(self, fade_type: FadeType, time: int) -> dict:
         """Set time for fade in / fade out."""
         fade_type_setter = f"set_{fade_type}_time"
         payload = {"fadeTime": time}
 
-        await self._query_helper(self.DIMMER_SERVICE, fade_type_setter, payload)
+        return await self._query_helper(self.DIMMER_SERVICE, fade_type_setter, payload)
 
     @property  # type: ignore
     @requires_update
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotlightstrip.py b/kasa/iot/iotlightstrip.py
index abe532f7..14e98684 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/iotlightstrip.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotlightstrip.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class IotLightStrip(IotBulb):
         super().__init__(host=host, config=config, protocol=protocol)
         self._device_type = DeviceType.LightStrip
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules not added in init."""
         await super()._initialize_modules()
         self.add_module(
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotmodule.py b/kasa/iot/iotmodule.py
index 7829c856..ddb0da2c 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/iotmodule.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotmodule.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 """Base class for IOT module implementations."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from ..exceptions import KasaException
 from ..module import Module
@@ -24,16 +27,16 @@ merge = _merge_dict
 class IotModule(Module):
     """Base class implemention for all IOT modules."""
 
-    def call(self, method, params=None):
+    async def call(self, method: str, params: dict | None = None) -> dict:
         """Call the given method with the given parameters."""
-        return self._device._query_helper(self._module, method, params)
+        return await self._device._query_helper(self._module, method, params)
 
-    def query_for_command(self, query, params=None):
+    def query_for_command(self, query: str, params: dict | None = None) -> dict:
         """Create a request object for the given parameters."""
         return self._device._create_request(self._module, query, params)
 
     @property
-    def estimated_query_response_size(self):
+    def estimated_query_response_size(self) -> int:
         """Estimated maximum size of query response.
 
         The inheriting modules implement this to estimate how large a query response
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ class IotModule(Module):
         return 256  # Estimate for modules that don't specify
 
     @property
-    def data(self):
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Return the module specific raw data from the last update."""
         dev = self._device
         q = self.query()
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotplug.py b/kasa/iot/iotplug.py
index 3a119318..ab10e932 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/iotplug.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotplug.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from ..device_type import DeviceType
 from ..deviceconfig import DeviceConfig
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ class IotPlug(IotDevice):
         super().__init__(host=host, config=config, protocol=protocol)
         self._device_type = DeviceType.Plug
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules."""
         await super()._initialize_modules()
         self.add_module(Module.IotSchedule, Schedule(self, "schedule"))
@@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ class IotPlug(IotDevice):
         sys_info = self.sys_info
         return bool(sys_info["relay_state"])
 
-    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
         """Turn the switch on."""
         return await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 1})
 
-    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
         """Turn the switch off."""
         return await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 0})
 
diff --git a/kasa/iot/iotstrip.py b/kasa/iot/iotstrip.py
index a18f2756..a212dd61 100755
--- a/kasa/iot/iotstrip.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/iotstrip.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from .modules import Antitheft, Cloud, Countdown, Emeter, Led, Schedule, Time, U
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def merge_sums(dicts):
+def merge_sums(dicts: list[dict]) -> dict:
     """Merge the sum of dicts."""
     total_dict: defaultdict[int, float] = defaultdict(lambda: 0.0)
     for sum_dict in dicts:
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class IotStrip(IotDevice):
         self.emeter_type = "emeter"
         self._device_type = DeviceType.Strip
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules."""
         # Strip has different modules to plug so do not call super
         self.add_module(Module.IotAntitheft, Antitheft(self, "anti_theft"))
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class IotStrip(IotDevice):
         """Return if any of the outlets are on."""
         return any(plug.is_on for plug in self.children)
 
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Update some of the attributes.
 
         Needed for methods that are decorated with `requires_update`.
@@ -150,20 +150,20 @@ class IotStrip(IotDevice):
         if not self.features:
             await self._initialize_features()
 
-    async def _initialize_features(self):
+    async def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize common features."""
         # Do not initialize features until children are created
         if not self.children:
             return
         await super()._initialize_features()
 
-    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn the strip on."""
-        await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 1})
+        return await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 1})
 
-    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
         """Turn the strip off."""
-        await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 0})
+        return await self._query_helper("system", "set_relay_state", {"state": 0})
 
     @property  # type: ignore
     @requires_update
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class StripEmeter(IotModule, Energy):
         """Return True if module supports the feature."""
         return module_feature in self._supported
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Return the base query."""
         return {}
 
@@ -246,11 +246,13 @@ class StripEmeter(IotModule, Energy):
             ]
         )
 
-    async def erase_stats(self):
+    async def erase_stats(self) -> dict:
         """Erase energy meter statistics for all plugs."""
         for plug in self._device.children:
             await plug.modules[Module.Energy].erase_stats()
 
+        return {}
+
     @property  # type: ignore
     def consumption_this_month(self) -> float | None:
         """Return this month's energy consumption in kWh."""
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@ class IotStripPlug(IotPlug):
         self.protocol = parent.protocol  # Must use the same connection as the parent
         self._on_since: datetime | None = None
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules not added in init."""
         if self.has_emeter:
             self.add_module(Module.Energy, Emeter(self, self.emeter_type))
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ class IotStripPlug(IotPlug):
         self.add_module(Module.IotSchedule, Schedule(self, "schedule"))
         self.add_module(Module.IotCountdown, Countdown(self, "countdown"))
 
-    async def _initialize_features(self):
+    async def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize common features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -353,19 +355,20 @@ class IotStripPlug(IotPlug):
                 type=Feature.Type.Sensor,
             )
         )
-        for module in self._supported_modules.values():
+
+        for module in self.modules.values():
             module._initialize_features()
             for module_feat in module._module_features.values():
                 self._add_feature(module_feat)
 
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Query the device to update the data.
 
         Needed for properties that are decorated with `requires_update`.
         """
         await self._update(update_children)
 
-    async def _update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def _update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Query the device to update the data.
 
         Internal implementation to allow patching of public update in the cli
@@ -379,8 +382,12 @@ class IotStripPlug(IotPlug):
             await self._initialize_features()
 
     def _create_request(
-        self, target: str, cmd: str, arg: dict | None = None, child_ids=None
-    ):
+        self,
+        target: str,
+        cmd: str,
+        arg: dict | None = None,
+        child_ids: list | None = None,
+    ) -> dict:
         request: dict[str, Any] = {
             "context": {"child_ids": [self.child_id]},
             target: {cmd: arg},
@@ -388,8 +395,12 @@ class IotStripPlug(IotPlug):
         return request
 
     async def _query_helper(
-        self, target: str, cmd: str, arg: dict | None = None, child_ids=None
-    ) -> Any:
+        self,
+        target: str,
+        cmd: str,
+        arg: dict | None = None,
+        child_ids: list | None = None,
+    ) -> dict:
         """Override query helper to include the child_ids."""
         return await self._parent._query_helper(
             target, cmd, arg, child_ids=[self.child_id]
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/ambientlight.py b/kasa/iot/modules/ambientlight.py
index 691f88f1..ac5c3488 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/ambientlight.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/ambientlight.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class AmbientLight(IotModule):
     """Implements ambient light controls for the motion sensor."""
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AmbientLight(IotModule):
             )
         )
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Request configuration."""
         req = merge(
             self.query_for_command("get_config"),
@@ -74,18 +74,18 @@ class AmbientLight(IotModule):
         """Return True if the module is enabled."""
         return int(self.data["get_current_brt"]["value"])
 
-    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable/disable LAS."""
         return await self.call("set_enable", {"enable": int(state)})
 
-    async def current_brightness(self) -> int:
+    async def current_brightness(self) -> dict:
         """Return current brightness.
 
         Return value units.
         """
         return await self.call("get_current_brt")
 
-    async def set_brightness_limit(self, value: int):
+    async def set_brightness_limit(self, value: int) -> dict:
         """Set the limit when the motion sensor is inactive.
 
         See `presets` for preset values. Custom values are also likely allowed.
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/cloud.py b/kasa/iot/modules/cloud.py
index 8be393d9..10097e64 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/cloud.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/cloud.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class CloudInfo(BaseModel):
 class Cloud(IotModule):
     """Module implementing support for cloud services."""
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Cloud(IotModule):
         """Return true if device is connected to the cloud."""
         return self.info.binded
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Request cloud connectivity info."""
         return self.query_for_command("get_info")
 
@@ -53,20 +53,20 @@ class Cloud(IotModule):
         """Return information about the cloud connectivity."""
         return CloudInfo.parse_obj(self.data["get_info"])
 
-    def get_available_firmwares(self):
+    def get_available_firmwares(self) -> dict:
         """Return list of available firmwares."""
         return self.query_for_command("get_intl_fw_list")
 
-    def set_server(self, url: str):
+    def set_server(self, url: str) -> dict:
         """Set the update server URL."""
         return self.query_for_command("set_server_url", {"server": url})
 
-    def connect(self, username: str, password: str):
+    def connect(self, username: str, password: str) -> dict:
         """Login to the cloud using given information."""
         return self.query_for_command(
             "bind", {"username": username, "password": password}
         )
 
-    def disconnect(self):
+    def disconnect(self) -> dict:
         """Disconnect from the cloud."""
         return self.query_for_command("unbind")
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/emeter.py b/kasa/iot/modules/emeter.py
index 1764af90..012bda04 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/emeter.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/emeter.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Emeter(Usage, EnergyInterface):
         """Get the current voltage in V."""
         return self.status.voltage
 
-    async def erase_stats(self):
+    async def erase_stats(self) -> dict:
         """Erase all stats.
 
         Uses different query than usage meter.
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ class Emeter(Usage, EnergyInterface):
         """Return real-time statistics."""
         return EmeterStatus(await self.call("get_realtime"))
 
-    async def get_daily_stats(self, *, year=None, month=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_daily_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, month: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return daily stats for the given year & month.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {day: energy, ...}.
@@ -90,7 +92,9 @@ class Emeter(Usage, EnergyInterface):
         data = self._convert_stat_data(data["day_list"], entry_key="day", kwh=kwh)
         return data
 
-    async def get_monthly_stats(self, *, year=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_monthly_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return monthly stats for the given year.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {month: energy, ...}.
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/led.py b/kasa/iot/modules/led.py
index 48301f23..8a5727b0 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/led.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/led.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Led(IotModule, LedInterface):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def mode(self):
+    def mode(self) -> str:
         """LED mode setting.
 
         "always", "never"
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Led(IotModule, LedInterface):
         sys_info = self.data
         return bool(1 - sys_info["led_off"])
 
-    async def set_led(self, state: bool):
+    async def set_led(self, state: bool) -> dict:
         """Set the state of the led (night mode)."""
         return await self.call("set_led_off", {"off": int(not state)})
 
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/light.py b/kasa/iot/modules/light.py
index d83031c8..7c9342c9 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/light.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/light.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Light(IotModule, LightInterface):
     _device: IotBulb | IotDimmer
     _light_state: LightState
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         super()._initialize_features()
         device = self._device
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Light(IotModule, LightInterface):
         return bulb._color_temp
 
     async def set_color_temp(
-        self, temp: int, *, brightness=None, transition: int | None = None
+        self, temp: int, *, brightness: int | None = None, transition: int | None = None
     ) -> dict:
         """Set the color temperature of the device in kelvin.
 
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/lighteffect.py b/kasa/iot/modules/lighteffect.py
index 3a13f680..cdfaaae1 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/lighteffect.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/lighteffect.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class LightEffect(IotModule, LightEffectInterface):
         *,
         brightness: int | None = None,
         transition: int | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set an effect on the device.
 
         If brightness or transition is defined,
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class LightEffect(IotModule, LightEffectInterface):
                 effect_dict = EFFECT_MAPPING_V1["Aurora"]
             effect_dict = {**effect_dict}
             effect_dict["enable"] = 0
-            await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
+            return await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
         elif effect not in EFFECT_MAPPING_V1:
             raise ValueError(f"The effect {effect} is not a built in effect.")
         else:
@@ -84,12 +84,12 @@ class LightEffect(IotModule, LightEffectInterface):
             if transition is not None:
                 effect_dict["transition"] = transition
 
-            await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
+            return await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
 
     async def set_custom_effect(
         self,
         effect_dict: dict,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a custom effect on the device.
 
         :param str effect_dict: The custom effect dict to set
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class LightEffect(IotModule, LightEffectInterface):
         """Return True if the device supports setting custom effects."""
         return True
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Return the base query."""
         return {}
 
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/lightpreset.py b/kasa/iot/modules/lightpreset.py
index bae401ef..13fee33e 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/lightpreset.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/lightpreset.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
     _presets: dict[str, IotLightPreset]
     _preset_list: list[str]
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:
         """Update the internal presets."""
         self._presets = {
             f"Light preset {index+1}": IotLightPreset(**vals)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
     async def set_preset(
         self,
         preset_name: str,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a light preset for the device."""
         light = self._device.modules[Module.Light]
         if preset_name == self.PRESET_NOT_SET:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
         elif (preset := self._presets.get(preset_name)) is None:  # type: ignore[assignment]
             raise ValueError(f"{preset_name} is not a valid preset: {self.preset_list}")
 
-        await light.set_state(preset)
+        return await light.set_state(preset)
 
     @property
     def has_save_preset(self) -> bool:
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
         self,
         preset_name: str,
         preset_state: LightState,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Update the preset with preset_name with the new preset_info."""
         if len(self._presets) == 0:
             raise KasaException("Device does not supported saving presets")
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
 
         return await self.call("set_preferred_state", state)
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Return the base query."""
         return {}
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class LightPreset(IotModule, LightPresetInterface):
             if "id" not in vals
         ]
 
-    async def _deprecated_save_preset(self, preset: IotLightPreset):
+    async def _deprecated_save_preset(self, preset: IotLightPreset) -> dict:
         """Save a setting preset.
 
         You can either construct a preset object manually, or pass an existing one
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/motion.py b/kasa/iot/modules/motion.py
index db272e2f..e65cbd93 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/motion.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/motion.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class Range(Enum):
 class Motion(IotModule):
     """Implements the motion detection (PIR) module."""
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         # Only add features if the device supports the module
         if "get_config" not in self.data:
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Motion(IotModule):
             )
         )
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Request PIR configuration."""
         return self.query_for_command("get_config")
 
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ class Motion(IotModule):
         """Return True if module is enabled."""
         return bool(self.config["enable"])
 
-    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable/disable PIR."""
         return await self.call("set_enable", {"enable": int(state)})
 
     async def set_range(
         self, *, range: Range | None = None, custom_range: int | None = None
-    ):
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set the range for the sensor.
 
         :param range: for using standard ranges
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Motion(IotModule):
         """Return inactivity timeout in milliseconds."""
         return self.config["cold_time"]
 
-    async def set_inactivity_timeout(self, timeout: int):
+    async def set_inactivity_timeout(self, timeout: int) -> dict:
         """Set inactivity timeout in milliseconds.
 
         Note, that you need to delete the default "Smart Control" rule in the app
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/rulemodule.py b/kasa/iot/modules/rulemodule.py
index 6e3a2b22..2515b71b 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/rulemodule.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/rulemodule.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 class RuleModule(IotModule):
     """Base class for rule-based modules, such as countdown and antitheft."""
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Prepare the query for rules."""
         q = self.query_for_command("get_rules")
         return merge(q, self.query_for_command("get_next_action"))
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ class RuleModule(IotModule):
             _LOGGER.error("Unable to read rule list: %s (data: %s)", ex, self.data)
             return []
 
-    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, state: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable or disable the service."""
-        return await self.call("set_overall_enable", state)
+        return await self.call("set_overall_enable", {"enable": state})
 
-    async def delete_rule(self, rule: Rule):
+    async def delete_rule(self, rule: Rule) -> dict:
         """Delete the given rule."""
         return await self.call("delete_rule", {"id": rule.id})
 
-    async def delete_all_rules(self):
+    async def delete_all_rules(self) -> dict:
         """Delete all rules."""
         return await self.call("delete_all_rules")
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/time.py b/kasa/iot/modules/time.py
index 8c672d21..f65dd910 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/time.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/time.py
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ class Time(IotModule, TimeInterface):
 
     _timezone: tzinfo = timezone.utc
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Request time and timezone."""
         q = self.query_for_command("get_time")
 
         merge(q, self.query_for_command("get_timezone"))
         return q
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:
         """Perform actions after a device update."""
         if res := self.data.get("get_timezone"):
             self._timezone = await get_timezone(res.get("index"))
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class Time(IotModule, TimeInterface):
         """Return current timezone."""
         return self._timezone
 
-    async def get_time(self):
+    async def get_time(self) -> datetime | None:
         """Return current device time."""
         try:
             res = await self.call("get_time")
@@ -88,6 +88,6 @@ class Time(IotModule, TimeInterface):
         except Exception as ex:
             raise KasaException(ex) from ex
 
-    async def get_timezone(self):
+    async def get_timezone(self) -> dict:
         """Request timezone information from the device."""
         return await self.call("get_timezone")
diff --git a/kasa/iot/modules/usage.py b/kasa/iot/modules/usage.py
index 5acf1dbe..89d8cca2 100644
--- a/kasa/iot/modules/usage.py
+++ b/kasa/iot/modules/usage.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from ..iotmodule import IotModule, merge
 class Usage(IotModule):
     """Baseclass for emeter/usage interfaces."""
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Return the base query."""
         now = datetime.now()
         year = now.year
@@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
         return req
 
     @property
-    def estimated_query_response_size(self):
+    def estimated_query_response_size(self) -> int:
         """Estimated maximum query response size."""
         return 2048
 
     @property
-    def daily_data(self):
+    def daily_data(self) -> list[dict]:
         """Return statistics on daily basis."""
         return self.data["get_daystat"]["day_list"]
 
     @property
-    def monthly_data(self):
+    def monthly_data(self) -> list[dict]:
         """Return statistics on monthly basis."""
         return self.data["get_monthstat"]["month_list"]
 
     @property
-    def usage_today(self):
+    def usage_today(self) -> int | None:
         """Return today's usage in minutes."""
         today = datetime.now().day
         # Traverse the list in reverse order to find the latest entry.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
         return None
 
     @property
-    def usage_this_month(self):
+    def usage_this_month(self) -> int | None:
         """Return usage in this month in minutes."""
         this_month = datetime.now().month
         # Traverse the list in reverse order to find the latest entry.
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
                 return entry["time"]
         return None
 
-    async def get_raw_daystat(self, *, year=None, month=None) -> dict:
+    async def get_raw_daystat(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, month: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return raw daily stats for the given year & month."""
         if year is None:
             year = datetime.now().year
@@ -68,14 +70,16 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
 
         return await self.call("get_daystat", {"year": year, "month": month})
 
-    async def get_raw_monthstat(self, *, year=None) -> dict:
+    async def get_raw_monthstat(self, *, year: int | None = None) -> dict:
         """Return raw monthly stats for the given year."""
         if year is None:
             year = datetime.now().year
 
         return await self.call("get_monthstat", {"year": year})
 
-    async def get_daystat(self, *, year=None, month=None) -> dict:
+    async def get_daystat(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, month: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return daily stats for the given year & month.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {day: time, ...}.
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
         data = self._convert_stat_data(data["day_list"], entry_key="day")
         return data
 
-    async def get_monthstat(self, *, year=None) -> dict:
+    async def get_monthstat(self, *, year: int | None = None) -> dict:
         """Return monthly stats for the given year.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {month: time, ...}.
@@ -93,11 +97,11 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
         data = self._convert_stat_data(data["month_list"], entry_key="month")
         return data
 
-    async def erase_stats(self):
+    async def erase_stats(self) -> dict:
         """Erase all stats."""
         return await self.call("erase_runtime_stat")
 
-    def _convert_stat_data(self, data, entry_key) -> dict:
+    def _convert_stat_data(self, data: list[dict], entry_key: str) -> dict:
         """Return usage information keyed with the day/month.
 
         The incoming data is a list of dictionaries::
@@ -113,6 +117,6 @@ class Usage(IotModule):
         if not data:
             return {}
 
-        data = {entry[entry_key]: entry["time"] for entry in data}
+        res = {entry[entry_key]: entry["time"] for entry in data}
 
-        return data
+        return res
diff --git a/kasa/json.py b/kasa/json.py
index aed8cd56..10edc690 100755
--- a/kasa/json.py
+++ b/kasa/json.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 """JSON abstraction."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
 try:
     import orjson
 
-    def dumps(obj, *, default=None):
+    def dumps(obj: Any, *, default: Callable | None = None) -> str:
         """Dump JSON."""
         return orjson.dumps(obj).decode()
 
@@ -11,7 +15,7 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     import json
 
-    def dumps(obj, *, default=None):
+    def dumps(obj: Any, *, default: Callable | None = None) -> str:
         """Dump JSON."""
         # Separators specified for consistency with orjson
         return json.dumps(obj, separators=(",", ":"))
diff --git a/kasa/klaptransport.py b/kasa/klaptransport.py
index 02e0b2b7..870304d1 100644
--- a/kasa/klaptransport.py
+++ b/kasa/klaptransport.py
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ import logging
 import secrets
 import struct
 import time
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
+from asyncio import Future
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Generator, cast
 
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
@@ -110,10 +111,10 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
         else:
             self._local_auth_hash = base64.b64decode(self._credentials_hash.encode())  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         self._default_credentials_auth_hash: dict[str, bytes] = {}
-        self._blank_auth_hash = None
+        self._blank_auth_hash: bytes | None = None
         self._handshake_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         self._query_lock = asyncio.Lock()
-        self._handshake_done = False
+        self._handshake_done: bool = False
 
         self._encryption_session: KlapEncryptionSession | None = None
         self._session_expire_at: float | None = None
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
         self._request_url = self._app_url / "request"
 
     @property
-    def default_port(self):
+    def default_port(self) -> int:
         """Default port for the transport."""
         return self.DEFAULT_PORT
 
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
         raise AuthenticationError(msg)
 
     async def perform_handshake2(
-        self, local_seed, remote_seed, auth_hash
+        self, local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, auth_hash: bytes
     ) -> KlapEncryptionSession:
         """Perform handshake2."""
         # Handshake 2 has the following payload:
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
 
         return KlapEncryptionSession(local_seed, remote_seed, auth_hash)
 
-    async def perform_handshake(self) -> Any:
+    async def perform_handshake(self) -> None:
         """Perform handshake1 and handshake2.
 
         Sets the encryption_session if successful.
@@ -309,14 +310,14 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
 
         _LOGGER.debug("Handshake with %s complete", self._host)
 
-    def _handshake_session_expired(self):
+    def _handshake_session_expired(self) -> bool:
         """Return true if session has expired."""
         return (
             self._session_expire_at is None
             or self._session_expire_at - time.monotonic() <= 0
         )
 
-    async def send(self, request: str):
+    async def send(self, request: str) -> Generator[Future, None, dict[str, str]]:  # type: ignore[override]
         """Send the request."""
         if not self._handshake_done or self._handshake_session_expired():
             await self.perform_handshake()
@@ -355,6 +356,7 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
 
             if TYPE_CHECKING:
                 assert self._encryption_session
+                assert isinstance(response_data, bytes)
             try:
                 decrypted_response = self._encryption_session.decrypt(response_data)
             except Exception as ex:
@@ -378,7 +380,7 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
         self._handshake_done = False
 
     @staticmethod
-    def generate_auth_hash(creds: Credentials):
+    def generate_auth_hash(creds: Credentials) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         un = creds.username
         pw = creds.password
@@ -388,19 +390,19 @@ class KlapTransport(BaseTransport):
     @staticmethod
     def handshake1_seed_auth_hash(
         local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, auth_hash: bytes
-    ):
+    ) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         return _sha256(local_seed + auth_hash)
 
     @staticmethod
     def handshake2_seed_auth_hash(
         local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, auth_hash: bytes
-    ):
+    ) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         return _sha256(remote_seed + auth_hash)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def generate_owner_hash(creds: Credentials):
+    def generate_owner_hash(creds: Credentials) -> bytes:
         """Return the MD5 hash of the username in this object."""
         un = creds.username
         return md5(un.encode())
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ class KlapTransportV2(KlapTransport):
     """Implementation of the KLAP encryption protocol with v2 hanshake hashes."""
 
     @staticmethod
-    def generate_auth_hash(creds: Credentials):
+    def generate_auth_hash(creds: Credentials) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         un = creds.username
         pw = creds.password
@@ -420,14 +422,14 @@ class KlapTransportV2(KlapTransport):
     @staticmethod
     def handshake1_seed_auth_hash(
         local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, auth_hash: bytes
-    ):
+    ) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         return _sha256(local_seed + remote_seed + auth_hash)
 
     @staticmethod
     def handshake2_seed_auth_hash(
         local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, auth_hash: bytes
-    ):
+    ) -> bytes:
         """Generate an md5 auth hash for the protocol on the supplied credentials."""
         return _sha256(remote_seed + local_seed + auth_hash)
 
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@ class KlapEncryptionSession:
 
     _cipher: Cipher
 
-    def __init__(self, local_seed, remote_seed, user_hash):
+    def __init__(self, local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, user_hash: bytes) -> None:
         self.local_seed = local_seed
         self.remote_seed = remote_seed
         self.user_hash = user_hash
@@ -449,11 +451,15 @@ class KlapEncryptionSession:
         self._aes = algorithms.AES(self._key)
         self._sig = self._sig_derive(local_seed, remote_seed, user_hash)
 
-    def _key_derive(self, local_seed, remote_seed, user_hash):
+    def _key_derive(
+        self, local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, user_hash: bytes
+    ) -> bytes:
         payload = b"lsk" + local_seed + remote_seed + user_hash
         return hashlib.sha256(payload).digest()[:16]
 
-    def _iv_derive(self, local_seed, remote_seed, user_hash):
+    def _iv_derive(
+        self, local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, user_hash: bytes
+    ) -> tuple[bytes, int]:
         # iv is first 16 bytes of sha256, where the last 4 bytes forms the
         # sequence number used in requests and is incremented on each request
         payload = b"iv" + local_seed + remote_seed + user_hash
@@ -461,17 +467,19 @@ class KlapEncryptionSession:
         seq = int.from_bytes(fulliv[-4:], "big", signed=True)
         return (fulliv[:12], seq)
 
-    def _sig_derive(self, local_seed, remote_seed, user_hash):
+    def _sig_derive(
+        self, local_seed: bytes, remote_seed: bytes, user_hash: bytes
+    ) -> bytes:
         # used to create a hash with which to prefix each request
         payload = b"ldk" + local_seed + remote_seed + user_hash
         return hashlib.sha256(payload).digest()[:28]
 
-    def _generate_cipher(self):
+    def _generate_cipher(self) -> None:
         iv_seq = self._iv + PACK_SIGNED_LONG(self._seq)
         cbc = modes.CBC(iv_seq)
         self._cipher = Cipher(self._aes, cbc)
 
-    def encrypt(self, msg):
+    def encrypt(self, msg: bytes | str) -> tuple[bytes, int]:
         """Encrypt the data and increment the sequence number."""
         self._seq += 1
         self._generate_cipher()
@@ -488,7 +496,7 @@ class KlapEncryptionSession:
         ).digest()
         return (signature + ciphertext, self._seq)
 
-    def decrypt(self, msg):
+    def decrypt(self, msg: bytes) -> str:
         """Decrypt the data."""
         decryptor = self._cipher.decryptor()
         dp = decryptor.update(msg[32:]) + decryptor.finalize()
diff --git a/kasa/module.py b/kasa/module.py
index 8b68881e..c4e9f9a1 100644
--- a/kasa/module.py
+++ b/kasa/module.py
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@ class Module(ABC):
     # SMARTCAMERA only modules
     Camera: Final[ModuleName[experimental.Camera]] = ModuleName("Camera")
 
-    def __init__(self, device: Device, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: Device, module: str) -> None:
         self._device = device
         self._module = module
         self._module_features: dict[str, Feature] = {}
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Query to execute during the update cycle.
 
         The inheriting modules implement this to include their wanted
@@ -150,10 +150,10 @@ class Module(ABC):
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def data(self):
+    def data(self) -> dict:
         """Return the module specific raw data from the last update."""
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):  # noqa: B027
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
         """Initialize features after the initial update.
 
         This can be implemented if features depend on module query responses.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class Module(ABC):
         children's modules.
         """
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):  # noqa: B027
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
         """Perform actions after a device update.
 
         This can be implemented if a module needs to perform actions each time
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ class Module(ABC):
         *_initialize_features* on the first update.
         """
 
-    def _add_feature(self, feature: Feature):
+    def _add_feature(self, feature: Feature) -> None:
         """Add module feature."""
         id_ = feature.id
         if id_ in self._module_features:
-            raise KasaException("Duplicate id detected %s" % id_)
+            raise KasaException(f"Duplicate id detected {id_}")
         self._module_features[id_] = feature
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
diff --git a/kasa/protocol.py b/kasa/protocol.py
index 140e9c41..f2560987 100755
--- a/kasa/protocol.py
+++ b/kasa/protocol.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class BaseProtocol(ABC):
         self._transport = transport
 
     @property
-    def _host(self):
+    def _host(self) -> str:
         return self._transport._host
 
     @property
diff --git a/kasa/smart/effects.py b/kasa/smart/effects.py
index e0ed615c..815f777b 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/effects.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/effects.py
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ class SmartLightEffect(LightEffectInterface, ABC):
     """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    async def set_brightness(self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None):
+    async def set_brightness(
+        self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set effect brightness."""
 
     @property
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/alarm.py b/kasa/smart/modules/alarm.py
index 1dacf181..f1bf7236 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/alarm.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/alarm.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class Alarm(SmartModule):
             "get_support_alarm_type_list": None,  # This should be needed only once
         }
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features.
 
         This is implemented as some features depend on device responses.
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Alarm(SmartModule):
         """Return current alarm sound."""
         return self.data["get_alarm_configure"]["type"]
 
-    async def set_alarm_sound(self, sound: str):
+    async def set_alarm_sound(self, sound: str) -> dict:
         """Set alarm sound.
 
         See *alarm_sounds* for list of available sounds.
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class Alarm(SmartModule):
         """Return alarm volume."""
         return self.data["get_alarm_configure"]["volume"]
 
-    async def set_alarm_volume(self, volume: Literal["low", "normal", "high"]):
+    async def set_alarm_volume(self, volume: Literal["low", "normal", "high"]) -> dict:
         """Set alarm volume."""
         payload = self.data["get_alarm_configure"].copy()
         payload["volume"] = volume
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/autooff.py b/kasa/smart/modules/autooff.py
index ae1bb082..4fefb000 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/autooff.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/autooff.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class AutoOff(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "auto_off"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_auto_off_config"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class AutoOff(SmartModule):
         """Return True if enabled."""
         return self.data["enable"]
 
-    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable/disable auto off."""
         return await self.call(
             "set_auto_off_config",
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class AutoOff(SmartModule):
         """Return time until auto off."""
         return self.data["delay_min"]
 
-    async def set_delay(self, delay: int):
+    async def set_delay(self, delay: int) -> dict:
         """Set time until auto off."""
         return await self.call(
             "set_auto_off_config", {"delay_min": delay, "enable": self.data["enable"]}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class AutoOff(SmartModule):
 
         return self._device.time + timedelta(seconds=sysinfo["auto_off_remain_time"])
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device.
 
         Parent devices that report components of children such as P300 will not have
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/batterysensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/batterysensor.py
index 7ecfad20..87072b10 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/batterysensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/batterysensor.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class BatterySensor(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "battery_detect"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_battery_detect_info"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ class BatterySensor(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def battery(self):
+    def battery(self) -> int:
         """Return battery level."""
         return self._device.sys_info["battery_percentage"]
 
     @property
-    def battery_low(self):
+    def battery_low(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if battery is low."""
         return self._device.sys_info["at_low_battery"]
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/brightness.py b/kasa/smart/modules/brightness.py
index f6e5c322..b5b8d354 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/brightness.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/brightness.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Brightness(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "brightness"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         super()._initialize_features()
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Brightness(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def brightness(self):
+    def brightness(self) -> int:
         """Return current brightness."""
         # If the device supports effects and one is active, use its brightness
         if (
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ class Brightness(SmartModule):
 
         return self.data["brightness"]
 
-    async def set_brightness(self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None):
+    async def set_brightness(
+        self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set the brightness. A brightness value of 0 will turn off the light.
 
         Note, transition is not supported and will be ignored.
@@ -73,6 +75,6 @@ class Brightness(SmartModule):
 
         return await self.call("set_device_info", {"brightness": brightness})
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device."""
         return "brightness" in self.data
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/childprotection.py b/kasa/smart/modules/childprotection.py
index d9670a23..fba89cc0 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/childprotection.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/childprotection.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class ChildProtection(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "child_protection"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_child_protection"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/cloud.py b/kasa/smart/modules/cloud.py
index 347b9ec8..fd6d0a0f 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/cloud.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/cloud.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class Cloud(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "cloud_connect"
     MINIMUM_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECS = 60
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Cloud(SmartModule):
         )
 
     @property
-    def is_connected(self):
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if device is connected to the cloud."""
         if self._has_data_error():
             return False
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/color.py b/kasa/smart/modules/color.py
index 3faa1a82..de0c3f74 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/color.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/color.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class Color(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "color"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class Color(SmartModule):
         # due to the cpython implementation.
         return tuple.__new__(HSV, (h, s, v))
 
-    def _raise_for_invalid_brightness(self, value):
+    def _raise_for_invalid_brightness(self, value: int) -> None:
         """Raise error on invalid brightness value."""
         if not isinstance(value, int):
             raise TypeError("Brightness must be an integer")
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/colortemperature.py b/kasa/smart/modules/colortemperature.py
index 920fa6d2..32d6e67d 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/colortemperature.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/colortemperature.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class ColorTemperature(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "color_temperature"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ class ColorTemperature(SmartModule):
         return ColorTempRange(*ct_range)
 
     @property
-    def color_temp(self):
+    def color_temp(self) -> int:
         """Return current color temperature."""
         return self.data["color_temp"]
 
-    async def set_color_temp(self, temp: int, *, brightness=None):
+    async def set_color_temp(self, temp: int, *, brightness: int | None = None) -> dict:
         """Set the color temperature."""
         valid_temperature_range = self.valid_temperature_range
         if temp < valid_temperature_range[0] or temp > valid_temperature_range[1]:
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/contactsensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/contactsensor.py
index 0bfa1bde..f388b781 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/contactsensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/contactsensor.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class ContactSensor(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = None  # we depend on availability of key
     REQUIRED_KEY_ON_PARENT = "open"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ class ContactSensor(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def is_open(self):
+    def is_open(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if the contact sensor is open."""
         return self._device.sys_info["open"]
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/devicemodule.py b/kasa/smart/modules/devicemodule.py
index 89c87c20..bf112e2d 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/devicemodule.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/devicemodule.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class DeviceModule(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "device"
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:
         """Perform actions after a device update.
 
         Overrides the default behaviour to disable a module if the query returns
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/energy.py b/kasa/smart/modules/energy.py
index ab89c319..16a4890e 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/energy.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/energy.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import NoReturn
+
 from ...emeterstatus import EmeterStatus
 from ...exceptions import KasaException
 from ...interfaces.energy import Energy as EnergyInterface
@@ -31,34 +33,34 @@ class Energy(SmartModule, EnergyInterface):
         # Fallback if get_energy_usage does not provide current_power,
         # which can happen on some newer devices (e.g. P304M).
         elif (
-            power := self.data.get("get_current_power").get("current_power")
+            power := self.data.get("get_current_power", {}).get("current_power")
         ) is not None:
             return power
         return None
 
     @property
     @raise_if_update_error
-    def energy(self):
+    def energy(self) -> dict:
         """Return get_energy_usage results."""
         if en := self.data.get("get_energy_usage"):
             return en
         return self.data
 
-    def _get_status_from_energy(self, energy) -> EmeterStatus:
+    def _get_status_from_energy(self, energy: dict) -> EmeterStatus:
         return EmeterStatus(
             {
-                "power_mw": energy.get("current_power"),
-                "total": energy.get("today_energy") / 1_000,
+                "power_mw": energy.get("current_power", 0),
+                "total": energy.get("today_energy", 0) / 1_000,
             }
         )
 
     @property
     @raise_if_update_error
-    def status(self):
+    def status(self) -> EmeterStatus:
         """Get the emeter status."""
         return self._get_status_from_energy(self.energy)
 
-    async def get_status(self):
+    async def get_status(self) -> EmeterStatus:
         """Return real-time statistics."""
         res = await self.call("get_energy_usage")
         return self._get_status_from_energy(res["get_energy_usage"])
@@ -67,13 +69,13 @@ class Energy(SmartModule, EnergyInterface):
     @raise_if_update_error
     def consumption_this_month(self) -> float | None:
         """Get the emeter value for this month in kWh."""
-        return self.energy.get("month_energy") / 1_000
+        return self.energy.get("month_energy", 0) / 1_000
 
     @property
     @raise_if_update_error
     def consumption_today(self) -> float | None:
         """Get the emeter value for today in kWh."""
-        return self.energy.get("today_energy") / 1_000
+        return self.energy.get("today_energy", 0) / 1_000
 
     @property
     @raise_if_update_error
@@ -97,22 +99,26 @@ class Energy(SmartModule, EnergyInterface):
         """Retrieve current energy readings."""
         return self.status
 
-    async def erase_stats(self):
+    async def erase_stats(self) -> NoReturn:
         """Erase all stats."""
         raise KasaException("Device does not support periodic statistics")
 
-    async def get_daily_stats(self, *, year=None, month=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_daily_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, month: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return daily stats for the given year & month.
 
         The return value is a dictionary of {day: energy, ...}.
         """
         raise KasaException("Device does not support periodic statistics")
 
-    async def get_monthly_stats(self, *, year=None, kwh=True) -> dict:
+    async def get_monthly_stats(
+        self, *, year: int | None = None, kwh: bool = True
+    ) -> dict:
         """Return monthly stats for the given year."""
         raise KasaException("Device does not support periodic statistics")
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device."""
         # Energy module is not supported on P304M parent device
         return "device_on" in self._device.sys_info
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/fan.py b/kasa/smart/modules/fan.py
index 9cb1a8df..36b3aadf 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/fan.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/fan.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class Fan(SmartModule, FanInterface):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "fan_control"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Fan(SmartModule, FanInterface):
         """Return fan speed level."""
         return 0 if self.data["device_on"] is False else self.data["fan_speed_level"]
 
-    async def set_fan_speed_level(self, level: int):
+    async def set_fan_speed_level(self, level: int) -> dict:
         """Set fan speed level, 0 for off, 1-4 for on."""
         if level < 0 or level > 4:
             raise ValueError("Invalid level, should be in range 0-4.")
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ class Fan(SmartModule, FanInterface):
         """Return sleep mode status."""
         return self.data["fan_sleep_mode_on"]
 
-    async def set_sleep_mode(self, on: bool):
+    async def set_sleep_mode(self, on: bool) -> dict:
         """Set sleep mode."""
         return await self.call("set_device_info", {"fan_sleep_mode_on": on})
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Is the module available on this device."""
         return "fan_speed_level" in self.data
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/firmware.py b/kasa/smart/modules/firmware.py
index 036c0b6c..f9e6b034 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/firmware.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/firmware.py
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ class UpdateInfo(BaseModel):
     needs_upgrade: bool = Field(alias="need_to_upgrade")
 
     @validator("release_date", pre=True)
-    def _release_date_optional(cls, v):
+    def _release_date_optional(cls, v: str) -> str | None:
         if not v:
             return None
 
         return v
 
     @property
-    def update_available(self):
+    def update_available(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if update available."""
         if self.status != 0:
             return True
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ class Firmware(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "firmware"
     MINIMUM_UPDATE_INTERVAL_SECS = 60 * 60 * 24
 
-    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(device, module)
         self._firmware_update_info: UpdateInfo | None = None
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         device = self._device
         if self.supported_version > 1:
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class Firmware(SmartModule):
     @allow_update_after
     async def update(
         self, progress_cb: Callable[[DownloadState], Coroutine] | None = None
-    ):
+    ) -> dict:
         """Update the device firmware."""
         if not self._firmware_update_info:
             raise KasaException(
@@ -236,13 +236,15 @@ class Firmware(SmartModule):
                 else:
                     _LOGGER.warning("Unhandled state code: %s", state)
 
+        return state.dict()
+
     @property
     def auto_update_enabled(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if autoupdate is enabled."""
         return "enable" in self.data and self.data["enable"]
 
     @allow_update_after
-    async def set_auto_update_enabled(self, enabled: bool):
+    async def set_auto_update_enabled(self, enabled: bool) -> dict:
         """Change autoupdate setting."""
         data = {**self.data, "enable": enabled}
-        await self.call("set_auto_update_info", data)
+        return await self.call("set_auto_update_info", data)
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/frostprotection.py b/kasa/smart/modules/frostprotection.py
index 440e1ed1..dd3671a0 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/frostprotection.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/frostprotection.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class FrostProtection(SmartModule):
         """Return True if frost protection is on."""
         return self._device.sys_info["frost_protection_on"]
 
-    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable/disable frost protection."""
         return await self.call(
             "set_device_info",
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/humiditysensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/humiditysensor.py
index fab30f05..8ce9e576 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/humiditysensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/humiditysensor.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class HumiditySensor(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "humidity"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_comfort_humidity_config"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class HumiditySensor(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def humidity(self):
+    def humidity(self) -> int:
         """Return current humidity in percentage."""
         return self._device.sys_info["current_humidity"]
 
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/led.py b/kasa/smart/modules/led.py
index 9c02be85..1733c3ce 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/led.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/led.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Led(SmartModule, LedInterface):
         return {self.QUERY_GETTER_NAME: None}
 
     @property
-    def mode(self):
+    def mode(self) -> str:
         """LED mode setting.
 
         "always", "never", "night_mode"
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ class Led(SmartModule, LedInterface):
         return self.data["led_rule"]
 
     @property
-    def led(self):
+    def led(self) -> bool:
         """Return current led status."""
         return self.data["led_rule"] != "never"
 
     @allow_update_after
-    async def set_led(self, enable: bool):
+    async def set_led(self, enable: bool) -> dict:
         """Set led.
 
         This should probably be a select with always/never/nightmode.
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Led(SmartModule, LedInterface):
         return await self.call("set_led_info", dict(self.data, **{"led_rule": rule}))
 
     @property
-    def night_mode_settings(self):
+    def night_mode_settings(self) -> dict:
         """Night mode settings."""
         return {
             "start": self.data["start_time"],
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/light.py b/kasa/smart/modules/light.py
index 487c25f3..e637b607 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/light.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/light.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class Light(SmartModule, LightInterface):
         return await self._device.modules[Module.Color].set_hsv(hue, saturation, value)
 
     async def set_color_temp(
-        self, temp: int, *, brightness=None, transition: int | None = None
+        self, temp: int, *, brightness: int | None = None, transition: int | None = None
     ) -> dict:
         """Set the color temperature of the device in kelvin.
 
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/lighteffect.py b/kasa/smart/modules/lighteffect.py
index 55dd3d49..96135de4 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/lighteffect.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/lighteffect.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class LightEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         *,
         brightness: int | None = None,
         transition: int | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set an effect for the device.
 
         Calling this will modify the brightness of the effect on the device.
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class LightEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
             )
             await self.set_brightness(brightness, effect_id=effect_id)
 
-        await self.call("set_dynamic_light_effect_rule_enable", params)
+        return await self.call("set_dynamic_light_effect_rule_enable", params)
 
     @property
     def is_active(self) -> bool:
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ class LightEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         *,
         transition: int | None = None,
         effect_id: str | None = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set effect brightness."""
         new_effect = self._get_effect_data(effect_id=effect_id).copy()
 
-        def _replace_brightness(data, new_brightness):
+        def _replace_brightness(data: list[int], new_brightness: int) -> list[int]:
             """Replace brightness.
 
             The first element is the brightness, the rest are unknown.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class LightEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
     async def set_custom_effect(
         self,
         effect_dict: dict,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a custom effect on the device.
 
         :param str effect_dict: The custom effect dict to set
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/lightpreset.py b/kasa/smart/modules/lightpreset.py
index 56ca42c2..2eba7572 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/lightpreset.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/lightpreset.py
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ class LightPreset(SmartModule, LightPresetInterface):
     _presets: dict[str, LightState]
     _preset_list: list[str]
 
-    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(device, module)
         self._state_in_sysinfo = self.SYS_INFO_STATE_KEY in device.sys_info
         self._brightness_only: bool = False
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:
         """Update the internal presets."""
         index = 0
         self._presets = {}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class LightPreset(SmartModule, LightPresetInterface):
     async def set_preset(
         self,
         preset_name: str,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a light preset for the device."""
         light = self._device.modules[SmartModule.Light]
         if preset_name == self.PRESET_NOT_SET:
@@ -123,14 +123,14 @@ class LightPreset(SmartModule, LightPresetInterface):
                 preset = LightState(brightness=100)
         elif (preset := self._presets.get(preset_name)) is None:  # type: ignore[assignment]
             raise ValueError(f"{preset_name} is not a valid preset: {self.preset_list}")
-        await self._device.modules[SmartModule.Light].set_state(preset)
+        return await self._device.modules[SmartModule.Light].set_state(preset)
 
     @allow_update_after
     async def save_preset(
         self,
         preset_name: str,
         preset_state: LightState,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Update the preset with preset_name with the new preset_info."""
         if preset_name not in self._presets:
             raise ValueError(f"{preset_name} is not a valid preset: {self.preset_list}")
@@ -138,11 +138,13 @@ class LightPreset(SmartModule, LightPresetInterface):
         if self._brightness_only:
             bright_list = [state.brightness for state in self._presets.values()]
             bright_list[index] = preset_state.brightness
-            await self.call("set_preset_rules", {"brightness": bright_list})
+            return await self.call("set_preset_rules", {"brightness": bright_list})
         else:
             state_params = asdict(preset_state)
             new_info = {k: v for k, v in state_params.items() if v is not None}
-            await self.call("edit_preset_rules", {"index": index, "state": new_info})
+            return await self.call(
+                "edit_preset_rules", {"index": index, "state": new_info}
+            )
 
     @property
     def has_save_preset(self) -> bool:
@@ -158,7 +160,7 @@ class LightPreset(SmartModule, LightPresetInterface):
 
         return {self.QUERY_GETTER_NAME: {"start_index": 0}}
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device.
 
         Parent devices that report components of children such as ks240 will not have
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/lightstripeffect.py b/kasa/smart/modules/lightstripeffect.py
index 3b0ff7da..91d89188 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/lightstripeffect.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/lightstripeffect.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "light_strip_lighting_effect"
 
-    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(device, module)
         effect_list = [self.LIGHT_EFFECTS_OFF]
         effect_list.extend(EFFECT_NAMES)
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         eff = self.data["lighting_effect"]
         return eff["brightness"]
 
-    async def set_brightness(self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None):
+    async def set_brightness(
+        self, brightness: int, *, transition: int | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set effect brightness."""
         if brightness <= 0:
             return await self.set_effect(self.LIGHT_EFFECTS_OFF)
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         *,
         brightness: int | None = None,
         transition: int | None = None,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set an effect on the device.
 
         If brightness or transition is defined,
@@ -115,8 +117,7 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
                 effect_dict = self._effect_mapping["Aurora"]
             effect_dict = {**effect_dict}
             effect_dict["enable"] = 0
-            await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
-            return
+            return await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
 
         if effect not in self._effect_mapping:
             raise ValueError(f"The effect {effect} is not a built in effect.")
@@ -134,13 +135,13 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         if transition is not None:
             effect_dict["transition"] = transition
 
-        await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
+        return await self.set_custom_effect(effect_dict)
 
     @allow_update_after
     async def set_custom_effect(
         self,
         effect_dict: dict,
-    ) -> None:
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set a custom effect on the device.
 
         :param str effect_dict: The custom effect dict to set
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ class LightStripEffect(SmartModule, SmartLightEffect):
         """Return True if the device supports setting custom effects."""
         return True
 
-    def query(self):
+    def query(self) -> dict:
         """Return the base query."""
         return {}
 
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/lighttransition.py b/kasa/smart/modules/lighttransition.py
index 947f8b0e..68c4af23 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/lighttransition.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/lighttransition.py
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ class LightTransition(SmartModule):
     _off_state: _State
     _enabled: bool
 
-    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(device, module)
         self._state_in_sysinfo = all(
             key in device.sys_info for key in self.SYS_INFO_STATE_KEYS
         )
         self._supports_on_and_off: bool = self.supported_version > 1
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         icon = "mdi:transition"
         if not self._supports_on_and_off:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class LightTransition(SmartModule):
         }
 
     @allow_update_after
-    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool):
+    async def set_enabled(self, enable: bool) -> dict:
         """Enable gradual on/off."""
         if not self._supports_on_and_off:
             return await self.call("set_on_off_gradually_info", {"enable": enable})
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class LightTransition(SmartModule):
         return self._on_state["max_duration"]
 
     @allow_update_after
-    async def set_turn_on_transition(self, seconds: int):
+    async def set_turn_on_transition(self, seconds: int) -> dict:
         """Set turn on transition in seconds.
 
         Setting to 0 turns the feature off.
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class LightTransition(SmartModule):
         return self._off_state["max_duration"]
 
     @allow_update_after
-    async def set_turn_off_transition(self, seconds: int):
+    async def set_turn_off_transition(self, seconds: int) -> dict:
         """Set turn on transition in seconds.
 
         Setting to 0 turns the feature off.
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class LightTransition(SmartModule):
         else:
             return {self.QUERY_GETTER_NAME: None}
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device."""
         # For devices that report child components on the parent that are not
         # actually supported by the parent.
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/motionsensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/motionsensor.py
index 169b25b6..fe9ac5c0 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/motionsensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/motionsensor.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class MotionSensor(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "sensitivity"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@ class MotionSensor(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def motion_detected(self):
+    def motion_detected(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if the motion has been detected."""
         return self._device.sys_info["detected"]
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/reportmode.py b/kasa/smart/modules/reportmode.py
index 34559cab..4765b4e1 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/reportmode.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/reportmode.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class ReportMode(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "report_mode"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_report_mode"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ class ReportMode(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def report_interval(self):
+    def report_interval(self) -> int:
         """Reporting interval of a sensor device."""
         return self._device.sys_info["report_interval"]
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturecontrol.py b/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturecontrol.py
index 96630ce5..138c3d2e 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturecontrol.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturecontrol.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class TemperatureControl(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "temp_control"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class TemperatureControl(SmartModule):
         """Return thermostat state."""
         return self._device.sys_info["frost_protection_on"] is False
 
-    async def set_state(self, enabled: bool):
+    async def set_state(self, enabled: bool) -> dict:
         """Set thermostat state."""
         return await self.call("set_device_info", {"frost_protection_on": not enabled})
 
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class TemperatureControl(SmartModule):
         """Return thermostat states."""
         return set(self._device.sys_info["trv_states"])
 
-    async def set_target_temperature(self, target: float):
+    async def set_target_temperature(self, target: float) -> dict:
         """Set target temperature."""
         if (
             target < self.minimum_target_temperature
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class TemperatureControl(SmartModule):
         """Return temperature offset."""
         return self._device.sys_info["temp_offset"]
 
-    async def set_temperature_offset(self, offset: int):
+    async def set_temperature_offset(self, offset: int) -> dict:
         """Set temperature offset."""
         if offset < -10 or offset > 10:
             raise ValueError("Temperature offset must be [-10, 10]")
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturesensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturesensor.py
index 8162ce60..0a591a3d 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturesensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/temperaturesensor.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class TemperatureSensor(SmartModule):
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "temperature"
     QUERY_GETTER_NAME = "get_comfort_temp_config"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class TemperatureSensor(SmartModule):
         return {}
 
     @property
-    def temperature(self):
+    def temperature(self) -> float:
         """Return current humidity in percentage."""
         return self._device.sys_info["current_temp"]
 
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ class TemperatureSensor(SmartModule):
         """Return current temperature unit."""
         return self._device.sys_info["temp_unit"]
 
-    async def set_temperature_unit(self, unit: Literal["celsius", "fahrenheit"]):
+    async def set_temperature_unit(
+        self, unit: Literal["celsius", "fahrenheit"]
+    ) -> dict:
         """Set the device temperature unit."""
         return await self.call("set_temperature_unit", {"temp_unit": unit})
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/time.py b/kasa/smart/modules/time.py
index cac01d73..d82991c1 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/time.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/time.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Time(SmartModule, TimeInterface):
 
     _timezone: tzinfo = timezone.utc
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Time(SmartModule, TimeInterface):
             )
         )
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:
         """Perform actions after a device update."""
         td = timedelta(minutes=cast(float, self.data.get("time_diff")))
         if region := self.data.get("region"):
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class Time(SmartModule, TimeInterface):
                 params["region"] = region
         return await self.call("set_device_time", params)
 
-    async def _check_supported(self):
+    async def _check_supported(self) -> bool:
         """Additional check to see if the module is supported by the device.
 
         Hub attached sensors report the time module but do return device time.
diff --git a/kasa/smart/modules/waterleaksensor.py b/kasa/smart/modules/waterleaksensor.py
index 6b8a7ae7..b6f01017 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/modules/waterleaksensor.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/modules/waterleaksensor.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class WaterleakSensor(SmartModule):
 
     REQUIRED_COMPONENT = "sensor_alarm"
 
-    def _initialize_features(self):
+    def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize features after the initial update."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
diff --git a/kasa/smart/smartchilddevice.py b/kasa/smart/smartchilddevice.py
index a5b24fd5..49c92229 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/smartchilddevice.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/smartchilddevice.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class SmartChildDevice(SmartDevice):
         self._update_internal_state(info)
         self._components = component_info
 
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Update child module info.
 
         The parent updates our internal info so just update modules with
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class SmartChildDevice(SmartDevice):
         """
         await self._update(update_children)
 
-    async def _update(self, update_children: bool = True):
+    async def _update(self, update_children: bool = True) -> None:
         """Update child module info.
 
         Internal implementation to allow patching of public update in the cli
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@ class SmartChildDevice(SmartDevice):
             dev_type = DeviceType.Unknown
         return dev_type
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"<{self.device_type} {self.alias} ({self.model}) of {self._parent}>"
diff --git a/kasa/smart/smartdevice.py b/kasa/smart/smartdevice.py
index 17386e07..35524ee8 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/smartdevice.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/smartdevice.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         self._on_since: datetime | None = None
         self._info: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-    async def _initialize_children(self):
+    async def _initialize_children(self) -> None:
         """Initialize children for power strips."""
         child_info_query = {
             "get_child_device_component_list": None,
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         """Return the device modules."""
         return cast(ModuleMapping[SmartModule], self._modules)
 
-    def _try_get_response(self, responses: dict, request: str, default=None) -> dict:
+    def _try_get_response(
+        self, responses: dict, request: str, default: Any | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         response = responses.get(request)
         if isinstance(response, SmartErrorCode):
             _LOGGER.debug(
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
             f"{request} not found in {responses} for device {self.host}"
         )
 
-    async def _negotiate(self):
+    async def _negotiate(self) -> None:
         """Perform initialization.
 
         We fetch the device info and the available components as early as possible.
@@ -146,7 +148,8 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         self._info = self._try_get_response(resp, "get_device_info")
 
         # Create our internal presentation of available components
-        self._components_raw = resp["component_nego"]
+        self._components_raw = cast(dict, resp["component_nego"])
+
         self._components = {
             comp["id"]: int(comp["ver_code"])
             for comp in self._components_raw["component_list"]
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         """Update the internal device info."""
         self._info = self._try_get_response(info_resp, "get_device_info")
 
-    async def update(self, update_children: bool = False):
+    async def update(self, update_children: bool = False) -> None:
         """Update the device."""
         if self.credentials is None and self.credentials_hash is None:
             raise AuthenticationError("Tapo plug requires authentication.")
@@ -206,7 +209,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
 
     async def _handle_module_post_update(
         self, module: SmartModule, update_time: float, had_query: bool
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         if module.disabled:
             return  # pragma: no cover
         if had_query:
@@ -312,7 +315,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
                 responses[meth] = SmartErrorCode.INTERNAL_QUERY_ERROR
         return responses
 
-    async def _initialize_modules(self):
+    async def _initialize_modules(self) -> None:
         """Initialize modules based on component negotiation response."""
         from .smartmodule import SmartModule
 
@@ -324,7 +327,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         # It also ensures that devices like power strips do not add modules such as
         # firmware to the child devices.
         skip_parent_only_modules = False
-        child_modules_to_skip = {}
+        child_modules_to_skip: dict = {}  # TODO: this is never non-empty
         if self._parent and self._parent.device_type != DeviceType.Hub:
             skip_parent_only_modules = True
 
@@ -333,17 +336,18 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
                 skip_parent_only_modules and mod in NON_HUB_PARENT_ONLY_MODULES
             ) or mod.__name__ in child_modules_to_skip:
                 continue
-            if (
-                mod.REQUIRED_COMPONENT in self._components
-                or self.sys_info.get(mod.REQUIRED_KEY_ON_PARENT) is not None
+            required_component = cast(str, mod.REQUIRED_COMPONENT)
+            if required_component in self._components or (
+                mod.REQUIRED_KEY_ON_PARENT
+                and self.sys_info.get(mod.REQUIRED_KEY_ON_PARENT) is not None
             ):
                 _LOGGER.debug(
                     "Device %s, found required %s, adding %s to modules.",
                     self.host,
-                    mod.REQUIRED_COMPONENT,
+                    required_component,
                     mod.__name__,
                 )
-                module = mod(self, mod.REQUIRED_COMPONENT)
+                module = mod(self, required_component)
                 if await module._check_supported():
                     self._modules[module.name] = module
 
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         ):
             self._modules[Light.__name__] = Light(self, "light")
 
-    async def _initialize_features(self):
+    async def _initialize_features(self) -> None:
         """Initialize device features."""
         self._add_feature(
             Feature(
@@ -575,11 +579,11 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         return str(self._info.get("device_id"))
 
     @property
-    def internal_state(self) -> Any:
+    def internal_state(self) -> dict:
         """Return all the internal state data."""
         return self._last_update
 
-    def _update_internal_state(self, info: dict) -> None:
+    def _update_internal_state(self, info: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         """Update the internal info state.
 
         This is used by the parent to push updates to its children.
@@ -587,8 +591,8 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         self._info = info
 
     async def _query_helper(
-        self, method: str, params: dict | None = None, child_ids=None
-    ) -> Any:
+        self, method: str, params: dict | None = None, child_ids: None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         res = await self.protocol.query({method: params})
 
         return res
@@ -610,22 +614,25 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         """Return true if the device is on."""
         return bool(self._info.get("device_on"))
 
-    async def set_state(self, on: bool):  # TODO: better name wanted.
+    async def set_state(self, on: bool) -> dict:
         """Set the device state.
 
         See :meth:`is_on`.
         """
         return await self.protocol.query({"set_device_info": {"device_on": on}})
 
-    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_on(self, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
         """Turn on the device."""
-        await self.set_state(True)
+        return await self.set_state(True)
 
-    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs):
+    async def turn_off(self, **kwargs: Any) -> dict:
         """Turn off the device."""
-        await self.set_state(False)
+        return await self.set_state(False)
 
-    def update_from_discover_info(self, info):
+    def update_from_discover_info(
+        self,
+        info: dict,
+    ) -> None:
         """Update state from info from the discover call."""
         self._discovery_info = info
         self._info = info
@@ -633,7 +640,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
     async def wifi_scan(self) -> list[WifiNetwork]:
         """Scan for available wifi networks."""
 
-        def _net_for_scan_info(res):
+        def _net_for_scan_info(res: dict) -> WifiNetwork:
             return WifiNetwork(
                 ssid=base64.b64decode(res["ssid"]).decode(),
                 cipher_type=res["cipher_type"],
@@ -651,7 +658,9 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         ]
         return networks
 
-    async def wifi_join(self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "wpa2_psk"):
+    async def wifi_join(
+        self, ssid: str, password: str, keytype: str = "wpa2_psk"
+    ) -> dict:
         """Join the given wifi network.
 
         This method returns nothing as the device tries to activate the new
@@ -688,9 +697,12 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         except DeviceError:
             raise  # Re-raise on device-reported errors
         except KasaException:
-            _LOGGER.debug("Received an expected for wifi join, but this is expected")
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "Received a kasa exception for wifi join, but this is expected"
+            )
+            return {}
 
-    async def update_credentials(self, username: str, password: str):
+    async def update_credentials(self, username: str, password: str) -> dict:
         """Update device credentials.
 
         This will replace the existing authentication credentials on the device.
@@ -705,7 +717,7 @@ class SmartDevice(Device):
         }
         return await self.protocol.query({"set_qs_info": payload})
 
-    async def set_alias(self, alias: str):
+    async def set_alias(self, alias: str) -> dict:
         """Set the device name (alias)."""
         return await self.protocol.query(
             {"set_device_info": {"nickname": base64.b64encode(alias.encode()).decode()}}
diff --git a/kasa/smart/smartmodule.py b/kasa/smart/smartmodule.py
index f20186ec..f0b95ecb 100644
--- a/kasa/smart/smartmodule.py
+++ b/kasa/smart/smartmodule.py
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@ _R = TypeVar("_R")
 
 
 def allow_update_after(
-    func: Callable[Concatenate[_T, _P], Awaitable[None]],
-) -> Callable[Concatenate[_T, _P], Coroutine[Any, Any, None]]:
+    func: Callable[Concatenate[_T, _P], Awaitable[dict]],
+) -> Callable[Concatenate[_T, _P], Coroutine[Any, Any, dict]]:
     """Define a wrapper to set _last_update_time to None.
 
     This will ensure that a module is updated in the next update cycle after
     a value has been changed.
     """
 
-    async def _async_wrap(self: _T, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> None:
+    async def _async_wrap(self: _T, *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> dict:
         try:
-            await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            return await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
         finally:
             self._last_update_time = None
 
@@ -68,21 +68,21 @@ class SmartModule(Module):
 
     DISABLE_AFTER_ERROR_COUNT = 10
 
-    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str):
+    def __init__(self, device: SmartDevice, module: str) -> None:
         self._device: SmartDevice
         super().__init__(device, module)
         self._last_update_time: float | None = None
         self._last_update_error: KasaException | None = None
         self._error_count = 0
 
-    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs) -> None:
         # We only want to register submodules in a modules package so that
         # other classes can inherit from smartmodule and not be registered
         if cls.__module__.split(".")[-2] == "modules":
             _LOGGER.debug("Registering %s", cls)
             cls.REGISTERED_MODULES[cls._module_name()] = cls
 
-    def _set_error(self, err: Exception | None):
+    def _set_error(self, err: Exception | None) -> None:
         if err is None:
             self._error_count = 0
             self._last_update_error = None
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class SmartModule(Module):
         return self._error_count >= self.DISABLE_AFTER_ERROR_COUNT
 
     @classmethod
-    def _module_name(cls):
+    def _module_name(cls) -> str:
         return getattr(cls, "NAME", cls.__name__)
 
     @property
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class SmartModule(Module):
         """Name of the module."""
         return self._module_name()
 
-    async def _post_update_hook(self):  # noqa: B027
+    async def _post_update_hook(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
         """Perform actions after a device update.
 
         Any modules overriding this should ensure that self.data is
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class SmartModule(Module):
         """
         return {self.QUERY_GETTER_NAME: None}
 
-    async def call(self, method, params=None):
+    async def call(self, method: str, params: dict | None = None) -> dict:
         """Call a method.
 
         Just a helper method.
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class SmartModule(Module):
         return await self._device._query_helper(method, params)
 
     @property
-    def data(self):
+    def data(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         """Return response data for the module.
 
         If the module performs only a single query, the resulting response is unwrapped.
diff --git a/kasa/smartprotocol.py b/kasa/smartprotocol.py
index 71be7dee..e2ff6af7 100644
--- a/kasa/smartprotocol.py
+++ b/kasa/smartprotocol.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class SmartProtocol(BaseProtocol):
         )
         self._redact_data = True
 
-    def get_smart_request(self, method, params=None) -> str:
+    def get_smart_request(self, method: str, params: dict | None = None) -> str:
         """Get a request message as a string."""
         request = {
             "method": method,
@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ class SmartProtocol(BaseProtocol):
         return {smart_method: result}
 
     async def _handle_response_lists(
-        self, response_result: dict[str, Any], method, retry_count
-    ):
+        self, response_result: dict[str, Any], method: str, retry_count: int
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             response_result is None
             or isinstance(response_result, SmartErrorCode)
@@ -325,7 +325,9 @@ class SmartProtocol(BaseProtocol):
                 break
             response_result[response_list_name].extend(next_batch[response_list_name])
 
-    def _handle_response_error_code(self, resp_dict: dict, method, raise_on_error=True):
+    def _handle_response_error_code(
+        self, resp_dict: dict, method: str, raise_on_error: bool = True
+    ) -> None:
         error_code_raw = resp_dict.get("error_code")
         try:
             error_code = SmartErrorCode.from_int(error_code_raw)
@@ -369,12 +371,12 @@ class _ChildProtocolWrapper(SmartProtocol):
     device responses before returning to the caller.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, device_id: str, base_protocol: SmartProtocol):
+    def __init__(self, device_id: str, base_protocol: SmartProtocol) -> None:
         self._device_id = device_id
         self._protocol = base_protocol
         self._transport = base_protocol._transport
 
-    def _get_method_and_params_for_request(self, request):
+    def _get_method_and_params_for_request(self, request: dict[str, Any] | str) -> Any:
         """Return payload for wrapping.
 
         TODO: this does not support batches and requires refactoring in the future.
diff --git a/kasa/tests/fakeprotocol_smart.py b/kasa/tests/fakeprotocol_smart.py
index 2deebf90..842147f3 100644
--- a/kasa/tests/fakeprotocol_smart.py
+++ b/kasa/tests/fakeprotocol_smart.py
@@ -310,9 +310,7 @@ class FakeSmartTransport(BaseTransport):
             }
             return retval
 
-        raise NotImplementedError(
-            "Method %s not implemented for children" % child_method
-        )
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Method {child_method} not implemented for children")
 
     def _get_on_off_gradually_info(self, info, params):
         if self.components["on_off_gradually"] == 1:
diff --git a/kasa/tests/smart/modules/test_firmware.py b/kasa/tests/smart/modules/test_firmware.py
index c10d9086..013533d0 100644
--- a/kasa/tests/smart/modules/test_firmware.py
+++ b/kasa/tests/smart/modules/test_firmware.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ async def test_firmware_features(
 
     await fw.check_latest_firmware()
     if fw.supported_version < required_version:
-        pytest.skip("Feature %s requires newer version" % feature)
+        pytest.skip(f"Feature {feature} requires newer version")
 
     prop = getattr(fw, prop_name)
     assert isinstance(prop, type)
diff --git a/kasa/xortransport.py b/kasa/xortransport.py
index e8d0303b..7abc2a3b 100644
--- a/kasa/xortransport.py
+++ b/kasa/xortransport.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class XorTransport(BaseTransport):
         self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop | None = None
 
     @property
-    def default_port(self):
+    def default_port(self) -> int:
         """Default port for the transport."""
         return self.DEFAULT_PORT
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c2ad3a36..8374a711 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -139,10 +139,15 @@ select = [
   "PT",  # flake8-pytest-style
   "LOG",  # flake8-logging
   "G",  # flake8-logging-format
+  "ANN",  # annotations
 ]
 ignore = [
   "D105",  # Missing docstring in magic method
   "D107",  # Missing docstring in `__init__`
+  "ANN101",  # Missing type annotation for `self`
+  "ANN102",  # Missing type annotation for `cls` in classmethod
+  "ANN003",  # Missing type annotation for `**kwargs`
+  "ANN401",  # allow any
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.pydocstyle]
@@ -157,11 +162,21 @@ convention = "pep257"
     "D104",
     "S101", # allow asserts
     "E501", # ignore line-too-longs
+    "ANN", # skip for now
 ]
 "docs/source/conf.py" = [
     "D100",
     "D103",
 ]
+# Temporary ANN disable
+"kasa/cli/*.py" = [
+    "ANN",
+]
+# Temporary ANN disable
+"devtools/*.py" = [
+    "ANN",
+]
+
 
 [tool.mypy]
 warn_unused_configs = true  # warns if overrides sections unused/mis-spelled